Editing Head of state (section)

===Personal influence or privileges===
Former presidents of the United States, while holding no political powers [[List of Latin phrases (P)#per se|per se]], sometimes continue to exert influence in national and world affairs.

A monarch may retain his style and certain prerogatives after abdication, as did King [[Leopold III of Belgium]], who left the throne to his son after winning a referendum which allowed him to retain a full royal household deprived him of a constitutional or representative role. [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]] transformed the Italian principality of [[Elba]], where he was imprisoned, into a miniature version of his First Empire, with most trappings of a sovereign monarchy, until his ''[[Hundred Days|Cent Jours]]'' escape and reseizure of power in France convinced his opponents, reconvening the [[Congress of Vienna|Vienna Congress]] in 1815, to revoke his gratuitous privileges and send him to die in [[exile]] on barren [[Saint Helena]].

By tradition, deposed monarchs who have not freely abdicated continue to use their monarchical titles as a [[Courtesy title|courtesy]] for the rest of their lives. Hence, even after [[Constantine II of Greece|Constantine II]] ceased to be ''[[King of the Hellenes]]'', it is still common to refer to the deposed king and his family as if Constantine II were still on the throne, as many European royal courts and households do in guest lists at royal weddings, as in [[Wedding of Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden, and Daniel Westling|Sweden in 2010]], [[Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton|Britain in 2011]] and [[Wedding of Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg, and Countess Stéphanie de Lannoy|Luxembourg in 2012]].<ref>[http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/wedding/theweddingday/stockholmcathedral/guestsattheweddingceremony.4.40e05eec12926f2630480001312.html Guests at the wedding ceremony: Wedding between Crown Princess Victoria and Mr Daniel Westling on Saturday 19 June 2010, 3.30 p.m., at Stockholm Cathedral] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729132452/http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/wedding/theweddingday/stockholmcathedral/guestsattheweddingceremony.4.40e05eec12926f2630480001312.html |date=29 July 2012 }}, [[Royal Court of Sweden]]. Retrieved on 12 November 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.officialroyalwedding2011.org/blog/2011/April/23/Selected-Guest-List-for-the-Wedding-Service-at-Westminster-Abbey Selected Guest List for the Wedding Service at Westminster Abbey] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512074246/http://www.officialroyalwedding2011.org/blog/2011/April/23/Selected-Guest-List-for-the-Wedding-Service-at-Westminster-Abbey |date=12 May 2012 }}, [[Royal Households of the United Kingdom|The Royal Household]] (2011). Retrieved on 12 November 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.monarchie.lu/pictures/photos/mariage-princier/Liste-des-invites_Cerem_-religieuse_20_10_2012_V11_10_2012.pdf Selected guest list for the wedding service at Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Luxembourg on October 20, 2012 at 11:00 a.m.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705115810/http://www.monarchie.lu/pictures/photos/mariage-princier/Liste-des-invites_Cerem_-religieuse_20_10_2012_V11_10_2012.pdf |date=5 July 2014 }}, [[Government of Luxembourg]]. Retrieved on 12 November 2012.</ref> The current [[Greece|Hellenic Republic]] opposes the right of their deposed monarch and [[Greek Royal Family|former royal family members]] to be referred to by their former titles or bearing a surname indicating royal status, and has enacted legislation which hinders acquisition of [[Greek citizenship]] unless those terms are met. The former king brought this issue, along with property ownership issues, before the [[European Court of Human Rights]] for alleged violations of the [[European Convention on Human Rights]], but lost with respect to the name issue.<ref>[http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-4238 THE FORMER KING CONSTANTINOS OF GREECE AND 8 MEMBERS OF HIS FAMILY v. GREECE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131215255/http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-4238 |date=31 January 2013 }}, (25701/94 | DECISION | COMMISSION (Plenary) | 21 April 1998) [[European Commission of Human Rights]]. Retrieved on 12 November 2012.</ref><ref>[http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-59051 CASE OF THE FORMER KING OF GREECE AND OTHERS v. GREECE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131232632/http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-59051 |date=31 January 2013 }}, (25701/94 | Judgment (Merits) | Court (Grand Chamber) | 23 November 2000), [[European Court of Human Rights]]. Retrieved on 12 November 2012.</ref>

However, some other states have no problem with deposed monarchs being referred to by their former title, and even allow them to travel internationally on the state's [[Passport#Full passports|diplomatic passport]].

The Italian constitution provides that a former president of the Republic takes the title President Emeritus of the Italian Republic and becomes a senator for life, and enjoys immunity, flight status, official residences and certain privileges.