Editing Espoo (section)

=== Economical history ===
[[File:Punainen talo.jpg|thumb|right|In addition to fields, many buildings remain of rural Espoo, such as the Punainen tupa ("red house") in [[Henttaa]].]]
[[File:Fortumin tornitalo 230609.jpg|thumb|right|Office buildings in [[Keilaniemi]]]]
[[File:Isoomenasisältä.jpg|thumb|right|The shopping centre [[Iso Omena]], opened in 2001, is located in [[Matinkylä]] near the sea shore.]]
[[File:Suomenoja power plant 2014.jpg|thumb|right|The Suomenoja power plant]]
Still in the middle 19th century, Espoo was a rural community living in subsistence economy. There was hardly any industry, the villages were small and situated evenly across different parts of the parish. There was some population concentration at the location of the current district of [[Espoon keskus]] and along the Suuri Rantatie road, and some dense population on the shore of the [[Gulf of Finland]]. In 1865 farming was the primary source of income for about 90% of the men in Espoo. There were about seventy craftsmen and about twenty people working in the industry. Of the women in Espoo, over one fifth worked as maids.<ref name="ikkala">Ikkala, Marja-Leena: ''Kylästä lähiöön (Espoo-sarja)''. City of Espoo 1989. {{ISBN|951-857-124-4}}.</ref>{{rp|48}}

The economical history of 19th-century Espoo also includes some small-scale [[mining]] activity. There was [[ore]] mining at the lands of the Kilo mansion around 1840, and this activity continued to the 1850s. The ore was of good quality but poor, and the ore streaks were fragmentary. In the end, the amount of ore mined from Kilo was very small.<ref name="härö"/>{{rp|108}} A new discovery of ore was made at the lands of the Alberga manor in the early 1840s. At most seven people worked at the site, but the amount of ore mined in Alberga ended up very small as well. The mining activity slowly waned and stopped completely in 1851.<ref name="härö"/>{{rp|116}}

The Espoo parish was not a neighbour of the city of Helsinki in the 19th century – there were lands of the [[Vantaa|Helsinki parish]] in between. The rapid growth of Helsinki attracted people from Espoo: despite the short distance, travel between Espoo and Helsinki was so slow, that moving into Helsinki was almost unavoidable if one happened to get a job there.<ref name="ikkala"/>{{rp|49}}

The rapid growth of Helsinki started also showing outside the administrative borders of the city. The first industrial area in Espoo was born near the shore of the Espoonlahti bay. In the late 19th century there were three brick factories and a steam-powered sawmill in the area. Clay from the Espoonlahti bay was well suited for making bricks, and the bricks were easy to transport to Helsinki over sea. For example, the [[Uspenski Cathedral]] in [[Katajanokka]] has been built from bricks from the Stensvik brick factory. The village of Mulby (Muulo in Finnish) became the industrial centre of Espoo, and its population grew manifold. Other villages in southwestern Espoo also grew through the industry. When the [[Rantarata]] railway was completed in the early 20th century part of the industry moved to the railway track, and the railway also enabled people to commute for work from Espoo to Helsinki.<ref name="ikkala"/>{{rp|49, 58}}<ref name="taskutilasto">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200919193848/https://www.espoo.fi/download/noname/%7B70281CC5-21A0-475E-BADB-132E88C4BD2A%7D/89512 Espoon kaupungin taskutilasto 2017], city of Espoo. Accessed on 13 November 2017.</ref>{{rp|7}}

There was also glass industry in Espoo. Pehr Appelgrén founded a bottle glass factory near the Espoo railway station in 1912. The factory closed down in 1922. The Kauklahti glass factory started in 1923, and by the 1930s it was the largest illumination glass factory in Finland. The factory closed down in 1951. Glass industry in Espoo altogether waned in the 1950s.<ref name="ikkala"/>{{rp|59, 60}}

By the late 1930s, there were about thirty businesses in Espoo. In addition to glass and brick industry, the parish included machinery workshops, sawmills and metallurgy workshops. There was industrial clothing manufacturing in [[Kauklahti]] and a clock factory in [[Viherlaakso]]. The steam-powered sawmill in Bastvik, founded in 1876, was economically quite stable; its saw equipment was moved to the [[Hanko Peninsula]] in the 20th century.<ref name="ikkala"/>{{rp|58–61}} The merchant F. F. Sjöblom founded the first shop in Espoo in Stensvik soon after founding of shops had been liberated in 1868. At the time when Finland became independent, there were about 40 shops in Espoo, most of them general stores.<ref name="ikkala"/>{{rp|62}}

Despite the increase in industry and service jobs, Espoo was still a predominantly rural parish in 1920. About two thirds of the population got their primary income from farming.<ref name="ikkala"/>{{rp|53}} [[Rye]] and [[barley]] had been the primary crops in Espoo for centuries. By the 20th century the significance of cattle herding increased, and the farming of [[oats]] became more popular.<ref name="ikkala"/>{{rp|32, 55}}

Construction and services became the basis of the economy in Espoo in the 1950s, when the rapid growth in population in Espoo started. In the 2010s, the primary industries counting by number of jobs are trade, accommodation and food and beverage industry as well as specialist services. The proportion of information and communications technology is about one tenth. About one sixth of the jobs are in industry and construction. The public sector is large: about one quarter of jobs were in the public sector in the middle 2010s.<ref name="taskutilasto"/>{{rp|17}}

The transition from a medieval rural parish into an integral part of the Helsinki metropolitan area has dropped the proportion of farming and forestry jobs to about a fifth of a percent.<ref name="taskutilasto"/>{{rp|17}}