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===Inflation=== Inflation has long been a problem in Indonesia. Because of political turmoil, the country once suffered hyperinflation, with 1,000% annual inflation between 1964 and 1967,<ref>By the time of Sukarno's downfall in the mid-1960s, the economy was in chaos with 1,000% annual inflation, shrinking export revenues, crumbling infrastructure, factories operating at minimal capacity, and negligible [[Investment#In economics or macroeconomics|investment]]. Schwarz (1994), pages 52β57</ref> resulting in severe poverty and hunger.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.welcome2indonesia.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=90:ir-soekarno-the-first-president-of-indonesia&catid=70:famous-people&Itemid=87|title=Ir Soekarno The First President of Indonesia|publisher=Welcome2indonesia.com|date=18 May 2010|access-date=29 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718023555/http://www.welcome2indonesia.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=90:ir-soekarno-the-first-president-of-indonesia&catid=70:famous-people&Itemid=87|archive-date=18 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Even though the economy recovered quickly during the first decade of the New Order administration (1970β1981), never once was the inflation less than 10% annually. The inflation slowed during the mid-1980s; however, the economy was also languid due to the decrease in oil price that reduced its export revenue dramatically. The economy was again experiencing rapid growth between 1989 and 1997 due to the improving export-oriented manufacturing sector. Still, the inflation rate was higher than economic growth, and this caused a widening gap among Indonesians. Inflation peaked in 1998 during the 1997 crisis at over 58%, causing poverty to rise to the levels of the 1960s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=46&pr.y=15&sy=1980&ey=2000&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=536&s=PCPI%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|publisher=Imf.org|date=14 September 2006|access-date=29 August 2011}}</ref> During the economic recovery and growth in recent years, the government has been trying to lower the inflation rate. However, it seems that inflation has been affected by global fluctuation and domestic market competition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/EASTASIAPACIFICEXT/INDONESIAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:21517996~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:226309,00.html|title=Indonesia β Financial & Private Sector Development in Indonesia|publisher=World Bank|date=18 October 2007|access-date=29 August 2011}}</ref> As of 2010, the inflation rate was approximately 7%, when its economic growth was 6%. To date, inflation is affecting the Indonesian lower middle class, especially those who are not able to afford food after price hikes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/bisindonesia/faced-with-skyrocketing-food-prices-indonesian-govt-to-speed-up-work-on-food-estate/415712|title=Faced With Skyrocketing Food Prices, Indonesian Govt to Speed Up Work on Food Estate|work=Jakarta Globe|access-date=29 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717011136/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/bisindonesia/faced-with-skyrocketing-food-prices-indonesian-govt-to-speed-up-work-on-food-estate/415712|archive-date=17 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forextradinglb.com/news.php?go=fullnews&newsid=1383|title=Indonesia Inflation Accelerates, Adding Pressure to Raise Rate :: Forex Trading Lebanon|publisher=Forextradinglb.com|date=1 February 2011|access-date=29 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711020316/http://www.forextradinglb.com/news.php?go=fullnews&newsid=1383|archive-date=11 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> At the end of 2017, Indonesia's inflation rate was 3.61%, or higher than the government-set forecast of 3.0β3.5%.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nasdaq.com/article/indonesias-dec-annual-inflation-rate-at-361-pct-above-forecast-20180101-00085|title=Indonesia's Dec annual inflation rate at 3.61 pct, above forecast|date=2018-01-01|work=NASDAQ.com|access-date=2018-01-28}}</ref>
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