Editing Cocaine (section)

===== Reduction of tropinone =====
The reduction of tropinone is mediated by [[NADPH]]-dependent reductase enzymes, which have been characterized in multiple plant species.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi = 10.1016/0031-9422(92)80247-C|title = Two tropinone reducing enzymes from Datura stramonium transformed root cultures|year = 1992 | vauthors =  Portsteffen A, Draeger B, Nahrstedt A |journal = Phytochemistry|volume = 31|pages = 1135–1138|issue = 4| bibcode=1992PChem..31.1135P }}</ref> These plant species all contain two types of the reductase enzymes, tropinone reductase I and tropinone reductase II. TRI produces [[tropine]] and TRII produces [[pseudotropine]]. Due to differing kinetic and pH/activity characteristics of the enzymes and by the 25-fold higher activity of TRI over TRII, the majority of the tropinone reduction is from TRI to form tropine.<ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Boswell HD, Dräger B, McLauchlan WR, Portsteffen A, Robins DJ, Robins RJ, Walton NJ | title = Specificities of the enzymes of N-alkyltropane biosynthesis in Brugmansia and Datura | journal = Phytochemistry | volume = 52 | issue = 5 | pages = 871–8 | date = November 1999 | pmid = 10626376 | doi = 10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00293-9 | bibcode = 1999PChem..52..871B }}</ref>

[[File:Reduction of tropinone.png|class=skin-invert-image|thumb|center|500px|Reduction of tropinone]]