Editing Washington Heights, Manhattan (section)

==Transportation==
=== Bridges and highways ===
[[File:HarlemRiverBridges.jpg|thumb|Three of the bridges that cross the [[Harlem River]]: [[High Bridge (New York City)|High Bridge]] (in the foreground), the [[Alexander Hamilton Bridge]] (in the middle, behind High Bridge), and [[Washington Bridge (Harlem River)|Washington Bridge]] (in the background) with [[Manhattan]] (on the left) and [[The Bronx]] (on the right)]]
Washington Heights is connected to [[Fort Lee, New Jersey|Fort Lee]], [[New Jersey]] across the Hudson River via the [[Othmar Ammann]]-designed [[George Washington Bridge]], the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge.<ref name="panynj.gov">{{cite web|url=http://www.panynj.gov/bridges-tunnels/george-washington-bridge.html|title=George Washington Bridge|publisher=[[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]]|access-date=May 3, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rastorfer|first=Darl|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41977224|title=Six bridges: the legacy of Othmar H. Ammann|date=2000|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|isbn=978-0-300-08047-6|location=New Haven|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A51VbeqTwogC&pg=PT177|chapter=Chapter 2: The George Washington Bridge|oclc=41977224}}</ref>{{Rp|42}} Upon completion in 1931, it was also the world's longest [[suspension bridge]].<ref name=fortwashingtonhighlights>{{cite web|url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/fort-washington-park/history|title=Fort Washington Park Highlights|access-date=April 21, 2020|publisher=[[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]]}}</ref> The [[Pier Luigi Nervi]]-designed [[George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal]] is located at the Manhattan end between 178th and 179th Streets, extending between Fort Washington and Wadsworth avenues.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fernandez|first=Manny|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/05/nyregion/05terminal.html|title=Change and Outrage at the Bus Station That Time Forgot|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=October 5, 2008|access-date=February 16, 2017}}</ref> After its construction in 1963, Nervi won an award for the terminal's unique use of concrete,<ref>{{cite news|title=George Washington Bridge Bus Station|work=[[Gothamist]]|url=https://gothamist.com/news/george-washington-bridge-bus-station-plans-revealed|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623194801/https://gothamist.com/news/george-washington-bridge-bus-station-plans-revealed|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 23, 2021|date=October 16, 2008|access-date=April 9, 2020}}</ref> including its huge butterfly-like ventilation ducts.<ref>{{cite aia5}}</ref>{{Rp|570}} The station provides service to [[North Jersey]] via [[NJ Transit Bus Operations]]; [[Paterson, New Jersey|Paterson]] and [[Jersey City]] via [[Spanish Transportation]]; the [[Northeast megalopolis|Northeastern Corridor]] via [[Greyhound Lines|Greyhound]]; and [[upstate New York]] via [[Rockland Coaches]] and [[OurBus]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.panynj.gov/bus-terminals/en/george-washington.html|title=George Washington Bridge Bus Station|publisher=[[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]]|access-date=November 5, 2021}}</ref>

The [[Trans-Manhattan Expressway]], part of [[Interstate 95 in New York|Interstate 95]], runs for {{convert|0.8|mi}} from the George Washington Bridge in a trench between 178th and 179th Streets.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Anderson|first1=Susan Heller|last2=Dunlap|first2=David W.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/08/25/nyregion/new-york-day-by-day-big-name-and-short-road.html|title=NEW YORK DAY BY DAY; Big Name And Short Road|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=August 25, 1986|access-date=May 3, 2020}}</ref> The construction of the George Washington Bridge and the Trans-Manhattan Expressway required the demolition of all apartment buildings between 178th and 179th Streets, in addition to many west of Cabrini Boulevard between 177th and 181st Streets, evicting over 1,000 families.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://1940s.nyc/map/#15.69/40.849793/-73.941887|title=1940s NYC – Street photos of every building in NYC in 1939/1940|access-date=February 23, 2021|publisher=[[New York Public Library]], Lionel Pincus and Princess Firyal Map Division}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1929/10/27/archives/to-raze-20-flats-in-path-of-bridge-wreckers-soon-to-clear-three.html|title=To Raze 20 Flats in Path of Bridge; Wreckers Soon to Clear Three Washington Heights Blocks for Approach. 2 Churches Also Doomed Half of 3,000 Tenants Ousted for Hudson River Span Stay in the Vicinity, Realty Men Report.|date=October 27, 1929|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=February 23, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ingraham|first=Joseph C.|title=Relocation Is Almost Completed Near George Washington Bridge|newspaper=The New York Times|date=April 23, 1959|page=33|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1959/04/23/83682312.html?action=click&contentCollection=Archives&module=ArticleEndCTA&region=ArchiveBody&pgtype=article&pageNumber=33|access-date=May 22, 2014}}</ref> To the east, the highway leads to the [[Alexander Hamilton Bridge]], completed in 1963, which crosses the [[Harlem River]] and connects to [[the Bronx]] via the [[Cross Bronx Expressway]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-cuomo-announces-completion-alexander-hamilton-bridge-rehabilitation|title=Governor Cuomo Announces Completion of Alexander Hamilton Bridge Rehabilitation|publisher=[[New York State]]|first=Andrew|last=Cuomo|author-link=Andrew Cuomo|date=July 28, 2014|access-date=May 3, 2020|archive-date=February 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225023722/https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-cuomo-announces-completion-alexander-hamilton-bridge-rehabilitation|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Washington Bridge (Harlem River)|Washington Bridge]], built in 1888, crosses the river just north of the Alexander Hamilton Bridge and connects to both the Trans-Manhattan and Cross Bronx expressways.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1222.pdf|title=Washington Bridge|access-date=May 3, 2020|date=September 14, 1982|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]}}</ref>{{Rp|4}}

Crossing the river at 175th Street in Manhattan, the [[High Bridge (New York City)|High Bridge]] is the oldest bridge in New York City still in existence.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/park-features/highbridge-park/planyc|title=The High Bridge|access-date=May 3, 2020|publisher=[[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]]}}</ref> The bridge was completed in 1848 to carry the [[Croton Aqueduct]] as part of the city's water system;<ref name="Parks Highbridge"/> a promenade was added in 1864 that stayed in use up until the 1970s, although the aqueduct function was discontinued in 1949.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://waterworkshistory.us/NY/New_York_City/|title=New York City Waterworks|access-date=February 15, 2021|first=Morris A.|last=Pierce}}</ref> In the late 1920s, several of its stone piers were replaced with a steel arch that spanned the river to allow ships to more easily navigate under the bridge.<ref>{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Gray|author-link=Christopher Gray (architectural historian)|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/28/realestate/the-beauty-of-high-bridge-on-the-comeback-trail.html|title=Streetscapes: The High Bridge – Beauty on the Comeback Trail|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 25, 2013|access-date=May 3, 2020}}</ref> In June 2015, the High Bridge reopened as a pedestrian and bicycle bridge after a three-year rehabilitation project.<ref name="Parks Highbridge">{{cite web|url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/park-features/highbridge-park/high-bridge-history|publisher=[[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]]|access-date=April 15, 2020|title=History of the High Bridge: NYC Parks}}</ref>

For transport northward and southward across Manhattan, Washington Heights is connected with two other significant highways: the [[Harlem River Drive]] by the Harlem River and the [[Henry Hudson Parkway]] (part of [[New York State Route 9A]]) by the Hudson River.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/engineering/technical-services/hds-respository/newyorktvbk.pdf|title=List of State Routes in New York County|publisher=[[New York State Department of Transportation]]|date=2003|access-date=May 6, 2020}}</ref> The Harlem River Drive began as a horse carriage roadway in 1898 and was converted into a highway exclusively for cars during the 1950s.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1898/07/03/archives/harlem-speedway-opened-pronounced-by-horsemen-to-be-the-finest.html|title=HARLEM SPEEDWAY OPENED; Pronounced by Horsemen to be the Finest Driveway for Light Speeding in the Country. YESTERDAY THE FIRST DAY The Number Present at the Opening Hour Not Large, but Later in the Day Many Wrote Arrived – Interesting Facts.|date=July 3, 1898|work=The New York Times|access-date=September 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/13/realestate/a-roadway-built-for-the-elite-to-trot-out-their-rigs.html|title=A Roadway Built for the Elite to Trot Out Their Rigs|last=Gray|first=Christopher|date=July 13, 1997|work=The New York Times|access-date=September 15, 2017}}</ref> The road has since blocked access to the waterfront from Highbridge Park,<ref name="Parks Highbridge"/> although the [[Harlem River Greenway]] (planned for renovation {{as of|2019|lc=y}})<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edc.nyc/press-release/nycedc-and-nyc-parks-release-public-proposal-design-two-new-waterfront-parks-along|title=NYCEDC and NYC Parks Release Public Proposal to Design Two New Waterfront Parks Along Harlem River|date=February 11, 2019|access-date=February 15, 2021|publisher=[[New York City Economic Development Corporation]]}}</ref> can still be accessed from 155th Street and Dyckman Street.<ref name=manhattanwaterfrontmap>{{cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/edc/pdf/greenway_mapside.pdf|title=Manhattan Waterfront Greenway Map|publisher=[[New York City]]|access-date=May 6, 2020}}</ref> The Henry Hudson Parkway, built in 1936,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/X110/history|access-date=February 15, 2021|publisher=[[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]]|title=Henry Hudson Parkway}}</ref> is also surrounded by parkland but leaves [[Fort Washington Park]] with a large amount of waterfront space on its western side,<ref name=flickering>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/11/realestate/11scape.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=February 15, 2021|date=January 9, 2009|first=Christopher|last=Gray|title=Flickering Views of an Earlier Era}}</ref> while the [[Hudson River Greenway]] lies on its eastern side.<ref name=manhattanwaterfrontmap/> Running above-ground between the highway and the greenway is the [[Empire Service]] [[Amtrak]] line, whose closest stops are at [[Yonkers station|Yonkers]] and [[Pennsylvania Station (New York City)|Penn Station]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amtrak.com/empire-service-train|title=Empire Service Train|publisher=[[Amtrak]]|access-date=February 23, 2021}}</ref>

===Subway===
Washington Heights is well served by the [[New York City Subway]]. On the [[IND Eighth Avenue Line]], service is available at the [[155th Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|155th Street]] and [[163rd Street–Amsterdam Avenue (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|163rd Street–Amsterdam Avenue]] stations ({{NYCS trains|Eighth north local header}}), the [[168th Street (New York City Subway)|168th Street]] station ({{NYCS trains|Washington Heights-168th}}), and the [[175th Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|175th Street]], [[181st Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|181st Street]], and [[190th Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|190th Street]] stations ({{NYCS trains|Eighth far north}}). The [[IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line]] ({{NYCS trains|Broadway-Seventh north}}) has stops at [[157th Street (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)|157th Street]], 168th Street, [[181st Street (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)|181st Street]], and [[191st Street (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)|191st Street]].<ref>{{NYCS const|map}}</ref>

Out of these stations, only [[175th Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|175th Street]] is fully accessible, although the tunnel to the [[George Washington Bridge Bus Station]] at its 177th Street exit is not. The [[168th Street (New York City Subway)|168th Street]] station is accessible only for the entrance to the A and C trains.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://new.mta.info/map/5346|access-date=February 23, 2021|title=Accessible Stations Highlighted Map|publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]}}</ref> To help residents navigate the steep hills of the neighborhood's northwestern area, the 181st Street and 190th Street IND stations provide free elevator service between [[Fort Washington Avenue]] and the [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] valley below.<ref name="nyt19570906">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/09/06/archives/2-ind-elevators-open-to-free-use-washington-heights-alpinists-take.html|title=2 IND ELEVATORS OPEN TO FREE USE; Washington Heights Alpinists Take Heart – Subway Lifts Are Free|date=September 6, 1957|work=[[The New York Times]]|page=19|access-date=April 15, 2020}}</ref> On the northeastern side, the 191st Street station also has an elevator to [[St. Nicholas Avenue]] and a tunnel running to Broadway.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/12/nyregion/washington-heights-journal-a-subway-passageway-just-for-the-courageous.html|title=Washington Heights Journal; A Subway Passageway Just for the Courageous|last=Kurtz|first=Josh|date=August 12, 1991|work=[[The New York Times]]|issn=0362-4331|access-date=July 30, 2016}}</ref>

The 181st Street and 190th Street IND stations have several unique entrances and exits, many featuring a stone-brick design inspired by the Overlook Terrace cliffside.<ref name="Renner"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://forgotten-ny.com/2005/02/down-in-the-hole-the-many-styles-of-subway-entrances/|title=Subway Entrance Stylings|website=[[Forgotten NY]]|access-date=May 6, 2020|date=February 14, 2005 |last1=Walsh |first1=Kevin }}</ref> The 168th Street, 190th Street, and both 181st Street stations are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name=NRHPny>{{cite web|url=https://nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/ny/new+york/state.html|title=National Register of Historic Places – NEW YORK (NY), New York County|publisher=[[National Register of Historic Places]]|access-date=April 28, 2016}}</ref> The 191st Street and 190th Street stations have the distinction of being the deepest in the entire subway system by distance to ground level, at 180 and 140 feet, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|last=Young|first=Michelle|url=http://untappedcities.com/2013/06/26/deepest-highest-subway-stations-nyc/|website=untappedcities.com|date=June 26, 2013|access-date=April 15, 2020|title=The Deepest and Highest Subway Stations in NYC: 191st St, 190th Street, Smith & 9th}}</ref> In 1951, researchers from [[New York University]] found that the 190th Street station would provide shelter from [[nuclear fallout]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 16, 1951|title=190th St. Station Held Bomb-Proof|page=65|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1951/12/16/archives/190th-ststation-held-bombproof-tests-reveal-eighth-avenue-subway.html|access-date=July 30, 2016|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

<div align=center><gallery heights="250" widths="250" perrow="4">
File:IRT Broadway-Seventh 168th Street Southbound Platform.jpg|The [[168th Street (New York City Subway)|168th Street station]]'s IRT platform
File:NYCS IND 8thAve 175thSt entrance.jpg|Entrance to the [[175th Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|175th Street station]] in front of [[J. Hood Wright Park]]
File:181st Street subway station entrance at 184th Street and Overlook Terrace.jpg|alt=|Entrance to the [[181st Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|181st Street IND station]] on Overlook Terrace at 184th Street
File:190th Street subway station Bennett Avenue entrance.jpg|Entrance to the [[190th Street station]] on Bennett Avenue
File:2015 191 Street new mural vc.jpg|Entrance to the [[191st Street station]] on Broadway
</gallery></div>

===Bus===
Several [[MTA Regional Bus Operations]] bus routes serve Washington Heights:<ref>{{cite NYC bus map|M}}</ref><ref>{{cite NYC bus map|Bx}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=48em}}
* {{NYC bus link|Bx3}}: to [[238th Street station]] ({{NYCS trains|Broadway-Seventh north}}) via 181st Street and University Avenue
* {{NYC bus link|Bx6}} and [[Bx6 SBS (New York City bus)|Bx6 Select Bus Service]]: to [[Hunts Point Cooperative Market]] via Riverside Drive,  155th, 161st and 163rd Streets and Hunts Point Avenue
* {{NYC bus link|Bx7}}: to [[College of Mount Saint Vincent]] via Broadway and Riverdale Avenue
* {{NYC bus link|Bx11}}: to [[Parkchester station]] via 181st, 170th, and 174th Streets
* {{NYC bus link|Bx13}}: to [[Bronx Terminal Market]] or [[George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal]] via 181st Street and Ogden Avenue
* {{NYC bus link|Bx35}}: to [[Crotona Park East, Bronx]] via 181st Street, 167th, and 169th Streets
* {{NYC bus link|Bx36}}: to [[Castle Hill, Bronx]] via 181st Street, Tremont Avenue, and White Plains Road
* {{NYC bus link|M2}}: to [[Greenwich Village]] via Fifth/Madison Avenues, Edgecombe Avenue, and Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard
* {{NYC bus link|M3}}: to Greenwich Village or Fort George via Fifth/Madison Avenues and St. Nicholas Avenue
* {{NYC bus link|M4}}: to [[Midtown South]] or [[Fort Tryon Park]]/[[The Cloisters]] via Fifth/Madison Avenues, Fort Washington Avenue, and Broadway
* {{NYC bus link|M5}}: to [[Midtown South]] via Broadway and Riverside Drive
* {{NYC bus link|M10}}: to [[Columbus Circle]] via Frederick Douglass Boulevard
* {{NYC bus link|M98}}: to [[Lenox Hill]] or Fort Tryon Park via Third/Lexington Avenues, Harlem River Drive, 178th/179th Streets, and Fort Washington Avenue
* {{NYC bus link|M100}}: to [[Manhattanville]] or [[Inwood, Manhattan|Inwood]] via Broadway, St. Nicholas Avenue, and Amsterdam Avenue
* {{NYC bus link|M101}}: to [[East Village, Manhattan|East Village]] or Fort George via Third/Lexington Avenues and Amsterdam Avenue
{{div col end}}