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=== Sources === {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last1=Cornell |first1=Vincent J. |title=Voices of Islam |date=2007 |publisher=[[Praeger Publishers]] |location=Westport, Conn. |isbn=978-0-275-98732-9| author-link=Vincent Cornell}} * {{cite book |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/ |title=Encyclopædia Iranica Online |publisher=Columbia University Center for Iranian Studies |access-date=2019-09-11 }} * {{cite book |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim World |volume=1: ''Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World: A–L'' |last=Martin |first=Richard C. |publisher=MacMillan |isbn=978-0-02-865604-5 |year=2004 }} * {{cite book |last=Corbin |first=Henry |author-link=Henry Corbin |title=History of Islamic Philosophy |translator=Liadain Sherrard and Philip Sherrard |publisher=London; Kegan Paul International in association with Islamic Publications for The Institute of Ismaili Studies |year=1993 |orig-date=1964 |isbn=978-0-7103-0416-2|title-link=Philip Sherrard }} * {{cite book |last=Dakake |first=Maria Massi |title=The Charismatic Community: Shiʻite Identity in Early Islam |publisher=Suny Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-7914-7033-6}} * {{cite book |last1=Holt |first1=P. M. |author-link1=Peter M. Holt |last2=Lewis |first2=Bernard |author-link2=Bernard Lewis |title=Cambridge History of Islam, Vol. 1 |year=1977a |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-29136-1}} * {{cite book |last=Lapidus |first=Ira |author-link=Ira M. Lapidus |title=A History of Islamic Societies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2002 |edition=2nd |isbn=978-0-521-77933-3}} * {{cite book|last=Sachedina |first=Abdulaziz Abdulhussein |author-link=Abdulaziz Sachedina |title=The Just Ruler (al-sultān Al-ʻādil) in Shīʻite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamite Jurisprudence |publisher=Oxford University Press US |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-19-511915-2}} * {{cite book |last1=Sobhani |last2=Shah-Kazemi |first1=Ja'afar |first2=Reza |title=Doctrines of Shiʻi Islam: A Compendium of Imami Beliefs and Practices |date=2001 |publisher=I. B. Tauris [u.a.] |location=London |author-link= Ja'far Sobhani |author-link2=Reza Shah-Kazemi |isbn=978-1-86064-780-2 |edition=[Online-Ausg.]}} * {{cite book | last=Tabatabaei| first=Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn| title= Shiʻite Islam| publisher=State University of New York Press | year=1979| isbn=978-0-87395-272-9 |translator=Seyyed Hossein Nasr| author-link=Muhammad Husayn Tabatabaei}} * {{cite book |last1=Ṭabataba'i |first1=Allamah Sayyid Muḥammad Husayn |title=Shiʻite Islam |date=1977 |publisher=State University of New York Press |location=Albany |isbn=978-0-87395-390-0}} * {{cite book | last=Vaezi | first=Ahmad | title=Shia political thought | publisher=Islamic Centre of England | location=London | year=2004 | isbn=978-1-904934-01-1 | oclc=59136662}} {{refend}}
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