Editing Post-traumatic stress disorder (section)

==== Military combat ====
The [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs]] estimates that 830,000 Vietnam War veterans had symptoms of PTSD.<ref>{{cite web |vauthors=Mintz S |year=2007 |url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=513 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030907033319/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=513 |archive-date=2003-09-07 |title=The War's Costs |website=Digital History}}</ref> The ''National Vietnam Veterans' Readjustment Study'' (NVVRS) found 15% of male and 9% of female Vietnam veterans had PTSD at the time of the study. Life-time prevalence of PTSD was 31% for males and 27% for females. In a reanalysis of the NVVRS data, along with analysis of the data from the Matsunaga Vietnam Veterans Project, Schnurr, Lunney, Sengupta, and Waelde found that, contrary to the initial analysis of the NVVRS data, a large majority of Vietnam veterans had PTSD symptoms (but not the disorder itself). Four out of five reported recent symptoms when interviewed 20–25 years after Vietnam.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web |vauthors=Price JL |title=Findings from the National Vietnam Veterans' Readjustment Study – Factsheet |work=United States [[Department of Veterans Affairs]] |publisher=[[National Center for PTSD]] |url=http://ncptsd.va.gov/ncmain/ncdocs/fact_shts/fs_nvvrs.html?printable-template=factsheet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430104839/http://www.ncptsd.va.gov/ncmain/ncdocs/fact_shts/fs_nvvrs.html |archive-date=2009-04-30}}</ref>

A 2011 study from [[Georgia State University]] and [[San Diego State University]] found that rates of PTSD diagnosis increased significantly when troops were stationed in combat zones, had tours of longer than a year, experienced combat, or were injured. Military personnel serving in combat zones were 12.1 percentage points more likely to receive a PTSD diagnosis than their active-duty counterparts in non-combat zones. Those serving more than 12 months in a combat zone were 14.3 percentage points more likely to be diagnosed with PTSD than those having served less than one year.<ref name="Journalistsresource.org">{{cite web |url=http://journalistsresource.org/studies/government/federalstate/psychological-costs-war-military-combat-mental-health/ |title=Psychological Costs of War: Military Combat and Mental Health |publisher=Journalistsresource.org |access-date=2014-01-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202140609/http://journalistsresource.org/studies/government/federalstate/psychological-costs-war-military-combat-mental-health/ |archive-date=2014-02-02 |date=2012-02-27}}</ref>

Experiencing an enemy firefight was associated with an 18.3 percentage point increase in the probability of PTSD, while being wounded or injured in combat was associated with a 23.9 percentage point increase in the likelihood of a PTSD diagnosis. For the 2.16&nbsp;million U.S. troops deployed in combat zones between 2001 and 2010, the total estimated two-year costs of treatment for combat-related PTSD are between $1.54&nbsp;billion and $2.69&nbsp;billion.<ref name="Journalistsresource.org"/>

As of 2013, rates of PTSD have been estimated at up to 20% for veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan.<ref name="VAscreen">{{cite book |vauthors=Spoont M, Arbisi P, Fu S, Greer N, Kehle-Forbes S, Meis L, Rutks I, Wilt TJ |title=Screening for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Primary Care: A Systematic Review |date=January 2013 |pmid=23487872 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK126691/ |publisher=[[Department of Veterans Affairs]] |series=VA Evidence-based Synthesis Program Reports}}</ref> As of 2013 13% of veterans returning from Iraq were [[unemployed]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/781380_2 |title=Mission Critical: Getting Vets With PTSD Back to Work |vauthors=Meade BJ, Glenn MK, Wirth O |date=March 29, 2013 |work=NIOSH: Workplace Safety and Health |publisher=Medscape & NIOSH |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316003216/http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/781380_2 |archive-date=March 16, 2016}}</ref>