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===Chemists and material scientists=== [[File:Butlerov A.png|thumb|90px|[[Aleksandr Butlerov]]]] {{main|Russian chemists}} *[[Ernest Beaux]], inventor of [[Chanel No. 5]], "the world's most legendary fragrance" *[[Nikolay Beketov]], inventor of [[aluminothermy]], a founder of [[physical chemistry]] *[[Friedrich Konrad Beilstein]], proposed the [[Beilstein test]] for [[halogen]] detection, compiled the [[Beilstein database]] in [[organic chemistry]] *[[Boris Belousov (chemist)|Boris Belousov]], discoverer of [[Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction]], a classical example of [[non-equilibrium thermodynamics]] *[[Alexander Borodin]], chemist and composer, the author of the famous opera ''[[Prince Igor]]'', discovered [[Borodin reaction]], co-discovered [[Aldol reaction]] *[[Aleksandr Butlerov]], discovered [[hexamine]], [[formaldehyde]] and [[formose reaction]] (the first synthesis of [[sugar]]), the first to incorporate [[double bond]]s into structural formulae, a founder of [[organic chemistry]] and the theory of [[chemical structure]] *[[Dmitry Chernov]], founder of modern [[metallography]], discovered [[Polymorphism (materials science)|polymorphism]] in metals, built the [[iron]]–[[carbon]] [[phase diagram]] *[[Aleksei Chichibabin]], discovered [[Chichibabin pyridine synthesis]], [[Bodroux-Chichibabin aldehyde synthesis]] and [[Chichibabin reaction]] *[[Karl Ernst Claus]], chemist and botanist, discoverer of [[ruthenium]][[File:Jewgraf Stepanowitsch Fjodorow.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Yevgraf Fyodorov]]]] *[[Aleksandr Dianin]], discovered [[Bisphenol A]] and [[Dianin's compound]] *[[Constantin Fahlberg]], inventor of [[saccharin]], the first [[artificial sweetener]] *[[Alexey Favorsky]], discoverer of [[Favorskii rearrangement]] and [[Favorskii reaction]] in organic chemistry *[[Alexander Frumkin]], a founder of modern [[electrochemistry]], author of the theory of [[electrode]] reactions *[[Yevgraf Fyodorov]], the first to enumerate all of the 230 [[space group]]s of [[crystal]]s, thus founding the modern [[crystallography]] *[[Andre Geim]], inventor of [[graphene]], developer of [[gecko tape]], Nobel Prize in Physics winner *[[Vladimir Ipatieff]], inventor of [[Ipatieff bomb]], a founder of [[petrochemistry]] *[[Isidore (inventor)|Isidore]], legendary inventor of [[Russian vodka]] *[[Boris Jacobi]], re-discovered and commercialized [[electroplating]][[File:Sergey Lebedev.jpg|thumb|90px|[[S. V. Lebedev|Sergei Lebedev]]]] *[[Pyotr Kapitsa]], discovered [[superfluidity]] while studying [[liquid helium]], Nobel Prize in Physics winner *[[Gottlieb Kirchhoff]], discoverer of [[glucose]] *[[Ivan Knunyants]], inventor of [[poly-caprolactam]], a developer of Soviet [[chemical weapons]] *[[Sergey Lebedev (chemist)|Sergei Lebedev]], inventor of [[polybutadiene]], the first commercially viable [[synthetic rubber]] *[[Mikhail Lomonosov]], polymath, coined the term ''[[physical chemistry]]'', re-discovered [[smalt]], disproved the [[phlogiston theory]], the first to record the [[freezing]] of [[mercury (element)|mercury]] *[[Aleksandr Loran]], inventor of [[fire fighting foam]] *[[Konstantin Novoselov]], inventor of [[graphene]], developer of [[gecko tape]], Nobel Prize in Physics winner *[[Vladimir Markovnikov]], author of the [[Markovnikov's rule]] in organic chemistry, discoverer of [[naphthenes]][[File:DIMendeleevCab.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Dmitri Mendeleyev]]]] *[[Dmitri Mendeleyev]], invented the [[Periodic table]] of [[chemical elements]], the first to predict the properties of elements yet to be discovered, inventor of [[pyrocollodion]], developer of [[pipeline transport|pipelines]] and a prominent researcher of [[vodka]] *[[Nikolai Menshutkin]], discoverer of [[Menshutkin reaction]] in organic chemistry *[[Ilya Prigogine]], researcher of [[dissipative system]]s, [[complex systems]] and [[irreversibility]], Nobel Prize winner *[[Sergey Reformatsky]], discoverer of the [[Reformatsky reaction]] in organic chemistry *[[Nikolay Semyonov]], physical chemist, author of the [[chain reaction]] theory, Nobel Prize winner *[[Vladimir Shukhov]], polymath, inventor of [[chemical cracking]] *[[Mikhail Tsvet]], botanist, inventor of [[chromatography]] *[[Victor Veselago]], the first researcher of materials with negative [[permittivity]] and [[Permeability (electromagnetism)|permeability]][[File:Tswett 01.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Mikhail Tsvet]]]] *[[Dmitry Vinogradov]], inventor of the [[Russian porcelain]] *[[Paul Walden]], discovered the [[Walden inversion]] and [[ethylammonium nitrate]], the first room temperature [[ionic liquid]] *[[Alexander Zaytsev (chemist)|Alexander Zaytsev]], author of the [[Zaitsev's rule]] in organic chemistry *[[Nikolay Zelinsky]], inventor of [[activated charcoal]] [[WWI gas mask|gas mask]] in Europe during World War I, co-discoverer of [[Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky halogenation]], a founder of [[petrochemistry]] *[[Nikolai Zinin]], discovered [[benzidine]], co-discovered [[aniline]], the first President of the Russian Physical-Chemical Society
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