Editing Italy (section)

=== Public holidays, festivals and folklore ===
{{Main|Public holidays in Italy|Traditions of Italy|Folklore of Italy}}
[[File:Frecce Tricolori 2022.jpg|thumb|The ''[[Frecce Tricolori]]'', with the smoke trail representing the [[national colours of Italy]], above the [[Victor Emmanuel II Monument]] in Rome during the celebrations of the ''[[Festa della Repubblica]]'']]

Public holidays include religious, national, and regional observances. Italy's National Day, the ''[[Festa della Repubblica]]'' ('Republic Day'),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le feste mobili. Feste religiose e feste civili in Italia|url=http://calendario.eugeniosongia.com/feste.htm|access-date=29 December 2022|language=it}}</ref> is celebrated on 2 June, with the main celebration taking place in Rome, and commemorates the birth of the Italian Republic in 1946.<ref name="Italian Embassy in London">{{Cite web|title=Festività nazionali in Italia|url=http://www.amblondra.esteri.it/Ambasciata_Londra/Menu/In_linea_con_utente/Domande_frequenti/altro.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624220055/http://www.amblondra.esteri.it/Ambasciata_Londra/Menu/In_linea_con_utente/Domande_frequenti/altro.htm|archive-date=24 June 2012|access-date=15 April 2012|publisher=Italian Embassy in London|language=it}}</ref> The ceremony includes deposition of a wreath as a tribute to the [[Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Italy)|Italian Unknown Soldier]] and a military parade along [[Via dei Fori Imperiali]] in Rome.

[[Saint Lucy's Day#Italy|Saint Lucy's Day]], on 13 December, is popular among children in some Italian regions, where she plays a role similar to Santa Claus.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saint Lucy – Sicily's Most Famous Woman – Best of Sicily Magazine|url=http://www.bestofsicily.com/mag/art333.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015021932/http://bestofsicily.com/mag/art333.htm|archive-date=15 October 2012|website=bestofsicily.com}}</ref> The [[Epiphany (holiday)|Epiphany]] is associated with the [[Italian folklore|folklore]] figure of [[Befana]], a broomstick-riding old woman who, on the night of 5 January, brings good children gifts, and bad ones charcoal or bags of ashes.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Roy|first=Christian|url={{Google books|IKqOUfqt4cIC|page=PA144|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|title=Traditional Festivals|date=2005|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-5760-7089-5|page=144|access-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> The [[Assumption of Mary]] coincides with ''[[Ferragosto]]'' on 15 August, the summer vacation period.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jonathan Boardman|url={{Google books|VHAUAQAAIAAJ|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|title=Rome: A Cultural and Literary Companion|publisher=Signal Books|year=2000|isbn=978-1-902669-15-1|location=University of California|page=219|format=Google Books}}</ref> The Italian national [[Patronal festival|patronal day]], on 4 October, celebrates [[Feast of Saints Francis and Catherine|Saints Francis and Catherine]]. Each city or town also celebrates a public holiday on the festival of the local patron saint.<ref name="Italian Embassy in London"/> [[Natale di Roma]] ({{literally|Birthday of Rome}}) is an annual festival held in [[Rome]] on 21 April to celebrate the legendary [[Founding of Rome|founding of the city]].<ref name="Plutarch12">[[Plutarch]], ''[[Parallel Lives]] - Life of Romulus'', [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Romulus*.html#12 12.2] (from [[LacusCurtius]])</ref> According to [[legend]], [[Romulus]] is said to have founded the city of Rome on 21 April 753 BC. It was celebrated for the first time in 47 AD.<ref name="penelope">{{Cite web|url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Censorinus/text*.html#17.11|title=LacusCurtius • Censorinus — De Die Natali|website=penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref>

Festivals and festivities include the [[Palio di Siena]] horse race, [[Holy Week#Italy|Holy Week]] rites, [[Saracen Joust]] of Arezzo, and the ''[[calcio storico fiorentino]]''. In 2013, [[UNESCO]] included among the [[intangible cultural heritage]] Italian festivals and ''[[Paso (float)|pasos]]'', such as the [[Varia di Palmi]], the [[Macchina di Santa Rosa]] in [[Viterbo]], and ''faradda di li candareri'' in [[Sassari]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Celebrations of big shoulder-borne processional structures|url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=en&pg=00011&RL=00721|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213122708/http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=EN|archive-date=13 December 2014|access-date=29 November 2014|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> Other festivals include [[Carnival in Italy|carnivals]] in [[Carnival of Venice|Venice]], [[Carnival of Viareggio|Viareggio]], [[Carnival of Ivrea|Ivrea]], [[Carnival of Foiano della Chiana|Foiano della Chiana]], and [[Carnival of Satriano di Lucania|Satriano di Lucania]]. The [[Venice Film Festival]], awarding the [[Golden Lion]] and held since 1932, is the oldest in the world and one of the "Big Three" European film festivals, alongside [[Cannes Film Festival|Cannes]] and [[Berlin International Film Festival|Berlin]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Anderson|first=Ariston|date=24 July 2014|title=Venice: David Gordon Green's 'Manglehorn,' Abel Ferrara's 'Pasolini' in Competition Lineup|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/venice-film-festival-unveils-lineup-720770|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218220740/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/venice-film-festival-unveils-lineup-720770|archive-date=18 February 2016|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}; {{Cite magazine|title=Addio, Lido: Last Postcards from the Venice Film Festival|url=https://time.com/3291348/addio-lido-last-postcards-from-the-venice-film-festival/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920162423/http://time.com/3291348/addio-lido-last-postcards-from-the-venice-film-festival|archive-date=20 September 2014|magazine=Time}}</ref>