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==== Spiritism ==== In 1908, [[Kardecist spiritism|spiritist]] Camilo Chaigneau wrote an article named "Spiritism and Esperanto" in the periodic ''La Vie d'Outre-Tombe'' recommending the use of Esperanto in a "central magazine" for all spiritists and Esperantists. Esperanto then became actively promoted by spiritists, at least in [[Brazil]], initially by [[Ismael Gomes Braga]] and [[František Lorenz]]; the latter is known in Brazil as Francisco Valdomiro Lorenz, and was a pioneer of both spiritist and Esperantist movements in this country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espirito.org.br/portal/artigos/geae/o-esp-e-o-esperanto.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091216040313/http://www.espirito.org.br/portal/artigos/geae/o-esp-e-o-esperanto.html|url-status=dead|title=O Espiritismo e o Esperanto (Spiritism and Esperanto)|archive-date=December 16, 2009}}</ref> The Brazilian Spiritist Federation publishes Esperanto coursebooks, translations of [[Spiritist Codification|Spiritism's basic books]], and encourages Spiritists to become Esperantists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.math.uu.se/esperanto/207pardue.pdf#search=%22esperanto%20%2Breligion%22|title=Uma só língua, uma só bandeira, um só pastor: Spiritism and Esperanto in Brazil by David Pardue|format=PDF|publisher=[[University of Kansas]] Libraries|access-date=August 26, 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923050241/http://www.math.uu.se/esperanto/207pardue.pdf#search=%22esperanto%20%2Breligion%22|archive-date=September 23, 2006}}</ref> [[W. T. Stead|William T. Stead]], a famous spiritualist and occultist in the United Kingdom, co-founded the first Esperanto club in the U.K.<ref name=Garvia>{{cite book |last1=Garvía Soto |first1=Roberto |title=Esperanto and its rivals: the struggle for an international language |date=2015 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-0812291278 }}</ref>{{rp|113}}
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