Editing Economy of Pakistan (section)

=== Foreign trade ===
{{Main|Foreign trade of Pakistan}}
[[File:Gwader port, Pakistan.jpg|thumb|[[Gwadar Port|Gwader port]] in [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]]]

Pakistan witnessed the highest export of US$25.4 billion in the FY 2011. However, in subsequent years exports have declined considerably. This decline started from the financial year 2015 when an international commodity slump set in. This was compounded by structural supply-side constraints including energy shortages, high input costs, and an overvalued exchange rate. From the financial year 2014 to 2016, exports declined by 12.4 percent. The exports growth trend over this period was similar to the world trade growth patterns. Pakistan's external sector continued facing stress during 2017. Still, Pakistan's merchandise trade exports grew by 0.1 percent during the fiscal year 2017. The imports continued to grow at a much faster rate and grew by a large percentage of 18.0 during the FY 2017 as compared to the previous year.<ref name="sbp.gov.pk">{{cite web|title=Workers' Remittances|url=https://www.sbp.org.pk/reports/stat_reviews/Bulletin/2021/Aug/External%20Sector.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=28 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828092900/https://www.sbp.org.pk/reports/stat_reviews/Bulletin/2021/Aug/External%20Sector.pdf |archive-date=28 August 2021 }}</ref> 

Note: This is the trade data (export and import) as released by the [[State Bank of Pakistan|SBP]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Exports and Imports of Goods & Services |url=https://www.sbp.org.pk/ecodata/ExportsImports-Goods-Arch.xls |access-date=23 July 2023 |website=sbp.org.pk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Exports and Imports of Goods & Services |url=https://www.sbp.org.pk/ecodata/ExportsImports-Goods.pdf |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=www.sbp.org.pk/}}</ref> This may differ from the data compiled by [[Pakistan Bureau of Statistics]].

{| class="wikitable"
|+Amounts in billion US dollars
! List
! FY 2008
! FY 2009
! FY 2010
! FY 2011
! FY 2012
! FY 2013
! FY 2014
! FY 2015
! FY 2016
! FY 2017
! FY 2018
! FY 2019
! FY 2020
! FY 2021
! FY 2022
! FY 2023
! FY 2024
|-
| style="text-align:left" |'''Total exports'''
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 24.01
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 23.21
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 24.89
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 31.11
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 29.73
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 31.53
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 30.42
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 29.96
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 27.43
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 27.92
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 30.62
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 30.22
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 27.97
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 31.58
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 39.60
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 35.47
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}38.67
|-
| style="text-align:right" |Goods
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 20.45
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 19.13
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 19.68
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 25.37
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 24.72
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 24.80
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 25.08
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 24.09
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 21.97
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 22.00
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 24.77
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 24.26
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 22.54
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 25.64
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 32.49
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 27.88
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}30.98
|-
| style="text-align:right" | Services
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 3.56
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 4.09
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 5.21
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 5.75
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 5.01
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 6.72
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 5.35
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 5.87
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 5.46
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 5.92
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 5.85
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 5.97
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 5.44
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 5.95
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 7.10
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 7.60
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}7.69
|-
| style="text-align:left" |'''Total imports'''
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 45.44
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 39.22
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 38.12
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 43.57
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 48.69
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 48.45
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 49.66
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 50.21
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 50.12
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 58.58
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 67.95
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 62.81
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 52.40
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 62.73
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 84.49
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 61.33
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}63.96
|-
| style="text-align:right" |Goods
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 35.28
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 31.67
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 31.13
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 35.80
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 40.37
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 40.16
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 41.67
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 41.36
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 41.12
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 48.00
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 55.67
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 51.87
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 43.65
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 54.27
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 71.54
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 52.70
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}53.16
|-
| style="text-align:right" |Services
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 10.16
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 7.56
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 6.99
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 7.77
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 8.32
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 8.29
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 8.00
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 8.85
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 9.00
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 10.58
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 12.28
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 10.94
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 8.75
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 8.46
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 12.94
| style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 8.64
| style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}10.80
|-
| style="text-align:left" |'''Trade deficit'''
| style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 21.43
| style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}} 16.01
| style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}} 13.23
| style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}} 12.46
| style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 18.96
| style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}} 16.92
| style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 19.24
| style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 20.24
| style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 22.69
| style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 30.66
| style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 37.33
| style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}} 32.58
| style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}} 24.43
| style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 31.15
| style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 44.89
| style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}} 25.86
| style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}25.29
|}

Pakistan's imports are showing a rising trend at a relatively faster rate due to increased economic activity as part of the [[China Pakistan Economic Corridor]] (CPEC), particularly in the energy sector. The construction projects under CPEC require heavy machinery that has to be imported. It is also observed that the economy is currently being led both by investments as well as consumption, resulting in relatively higher levels of imports. During FY 2018, Pakistan's exports picked up and reached US$24.8 billion, showing a growth of 12.6 percent over the previous year, FY 2017. Imports, on the other hand, also increased by 16.2 percent, reaching the highest figure of US$56.6 billion. As a result, the trade deficit widened to US$31.8 billion, which was the highest in the last ten years. Pakistan's exports of goods recorded their highest level of $25.6 billion during the fiscal year 2021, higher than the $25.3 billion recorded in 2011.

==== Exports ====
Pakistan's major export commodities since fiscal year 2014 are listed in the table below.<ref>{{cite web |title=Export Receipts by Commodities and Groups |url=https://easydata.sbp.org.pk/apex/f?p=10:1:15275074736074::::: |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=SBPx}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Amounts are in million US$.'''
! style="width:200px;"| Commodities
! style="width:200px;"| FY 2015
! style="width:200px;"| FY 2016
! style="width:200px;"| FY 2017 
! style="width:200px;"| FY 2018 
! style="width:200px;"| FY 2019
! style="width:200px;"| FY 2020
! style="width:200px;"| FY 2021
! style="width:200px;"| FY 2022
! style="width:200px;"| FY 2023
! style="width:200px;"| FY 2024
|-
! [[Knitwear]]
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 2,264
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 2,309
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 2,335 
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 2,615
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 2,854
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 2,688
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 3,372
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 4,516
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 4,244
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}}4,018
|-
! [[Ready-made garment]]s
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}}2,044
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}}2,156
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 2,279 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 2,477
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 2,568
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 2,595
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 2,820
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 3,698
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}}3,496
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}}3,471
|-
! Bed wear
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}}2,207
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}}2,126
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 2,157 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 2,346
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 2,347
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 2,230
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 2,691
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 3,255
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}}2,804
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}}2,790
|-
! [[Rice]]
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}}2,038
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}}1,853
| style="text-align:center" | {{Decrease}} 1,575 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 1,933
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 2,163
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 2,274
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 2,211
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 2,760
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}}2,109
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 3,684
|-
! Cotton cloth
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}}2,487
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}}2,332
| style="text-align:center" | {{Decrease}} 2,123 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 2,176
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 2,174
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 1,942
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 1,884
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 2,338
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}}2,155
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}}1,898
|-
! [[Chemical]] and [[pharmaceutical]] 
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}}1,250
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}}1,052
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 1,113 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 1,390
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 1,227
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 1,074
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 1,147
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 1,482
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 1,429
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}}1,420
|-
! [[Cotton yarn]]
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}}1,818
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}}1,266
| style="text-align:center" | {{Decrease}} 1,140 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 1,249
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 1,202
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 1,081
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 921
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 1,200
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 870
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}}1,052
|-
![[Towel]]s
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}}716
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}}721
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 679
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 750
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 713
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 680
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 882
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 1,080
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 931
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 954
|-
!Leather manufactures
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}}547
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}}488
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 487
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 615
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 503
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 480
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 560
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 649
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 628
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 606
|-
![[Sports goods]]
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}}585
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}}539
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 552
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 551
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 519
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 458
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 471
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 507
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 460
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 439
|-
!Surgical goods & medical instruments
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}}401
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}}424
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 396
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 442
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 438
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 411
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 480
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 475
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 454
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 456
|}

==== Imports ====
Pakistan's major import commodities since fiscal year 2014 are listed in the table below.<ref>{{cite web|title=Imports Payments by Commodity and Groups|url=https://www.sbp.org.pk/ecodata/Import_Payments_by_Commodities_and_Groups.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=21 July 2021|website=SBP|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715132408/https://www.sbp.org.pk/ecodata/Import_Payments_by_Commodities_and_Groups.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Imports Payments by Commodity|url=https://www.sbp.org.pk/ecodata/Import_Payments_by_Commodities_and_Groups_Arch.xls|url-status=live|access-date=27 May 2021|website=SBP|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712053554/https://www.sbp.org.pk/ecodata/Import_Payments_by_Commodities_and_Groups_Arch.xls |archive-date=12 July 2021 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Amounts are in million US$'''.
! style="width:200px;"| Commodities
! style="width:200px;"| FY 2014 
! style="width:200px;"| FY 2015 
! style="width:200px;"| FY 2016 
! style="width:200px;"| FY 2017 
! style="width:200px;"| FY 2018 
! style="width:200px;"| FY 2019
! style="width:200px;"| FY 2020
! style="width:200px;"| FY 2021
! style="width:200px;"| FY 2022
|-
! [[Petroleum products]]
| style="text-align:center" |9,020
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 7,774
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 5,098
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 6,380 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 6,768 
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 6,039 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Decrease}} 4,190
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 4,641
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 10,296
|-
! [[Petroleum]] crude
| style="text-align:center" |5,755
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 4,393
| style="text-align:center" |2,570
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 2,765 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 4,310 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 4,915 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Decrease}} 2,606
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 3,190
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 4,602
|-
! [[Liquefied natural gas]] (LNG)
| style="text-align:center" |0
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 135
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 579
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 1,271 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 2,036 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 2,872 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Decrease}} 2,375
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 1,776
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 3,681
|-
! [[Plastic material]]
| style="text-align:center" |1,680
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 1,772
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 1,791
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 1,875 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 2,312 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Decrease}} 2,273 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Decrease}} 1,941
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 2,460
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 3,251
|-
! [[Palm oil]]
| style="text-align:center" |1,922
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 1,681
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 1,600
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 1,775 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 1,908 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Decrease}} 1,662 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 1,752
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 2,443
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 3,151
|-
! [[Road vehicles]]
| style="text-align:center" |861
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 1,025
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 1,264
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 1,774 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 2,182 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Decrease}} 1,934 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Decrease}} 1,276
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 2,143
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 3,010
|-
! [[Iron]] and [[steel]]
| style="text-align:center" |1,540
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 1,813
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 2,094
| style="text-align:center" | {{Decrease}} 1980 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 2,523 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Decrease}} 2,008 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Decrease}} 1,491
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 2,197
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 2,854
|-
!Raw cotton
| style="text-align:center" |532
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 449
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 1,127
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 909
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 1,198
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 1,181
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 1,342
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 1,894
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 2,283
|-
! [[Telecommunications|Telecom]]
| style="text-align:center" |1,217
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 1,225
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 1,201
| style="text-align:center" | {{Decrease}} 1,023 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 1,397 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Decrease}} 1,172 
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 1,637
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 2,513
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 2,252
|-
! Electrical machinery & apparatus
| style="text-align:center" |722
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 935
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 1,651
| style="text-align:center" | {{Decrease}} 1,317 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 1,801 
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 1,287 
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 1,135
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 1,452
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 1,817
|-
!Textile machinery
| style="text-align:center" |658
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 492
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 529
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 652
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 615
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 654
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 588
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 855
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 1,212
|-
! Power generating machinery
| style="text-align:center" |675
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 898
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 1,356
| style="text-align:center" | {{Decrease}} 1,337 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 1,577 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Decrease}} 732 
| style="text-align:center" | {{Increase}} 734
| style="text-align:center" |{{Increase}} 930
| style="text-align:center" |{{Decrease}} 795
|}