Editing Diesel engine (section)

===Fuel types===
In his 1893 work ''[[Theory and Construction of a Rational Heat Motor]]'', Rudolf Diesel considers using [[coal dust]] as fuel for the diesel engine. However, Diesel just ''considered'' using coal dust (as well as liquid fuels and gas); his actual engine was designed to operate on [[petroleum]], which was soon replaced with regular [[petrol]] and kerosene for further testing purposes, as petroleum proved to be too viscous.<ref name="Diesel_1913_107" /> In addition to kerosene and petrol, Diesel's engine could also operate on [[ligroin]].<ref name="Diesel_1913_110" />

Before diesel engine fuel was standardised, fuels such as [[petrol]], [[kerosene]], [[gas oil]], [[vegetable oil]] and [[Lubricant#Mineral oil|mineral oil]], as well as mixtures of these fuels, were used.<ref name="MAN_436" /> Typical fuels specifically intended to be used for diesel engines were [[petroleum distillate]]s and [[creosote|coal-tar distillates]] such as the following; these fuels have specific lower heating values of:
* Diesel oil: 10,200&nbsp;kcal·kg<sup>−1</sup> (42.7&nbsp;MJ·kg<sup>−1</sup>) up to 10,250&nbsp;kcal·kg<sup>−1</sup> (42.9&nbsp;MJ·kg<sup>−1</sup>)
* Heating oil: 10,000&nbsp;kcal·kg<sup>−1</sup> (41.8&nbsp;MJ·kg<sup>−1</sup>) up to 10,200&nbsp;kcal·kg<sup>−1</sup> (42.7&nbsp;MJ·kg<sup>−1</sup>)
* Coal-tar [[creosote]]: 9,150&nbsp;kcal·kg<sup>−1</sup> (38.3&nbsp;MJ·kg<sup>−1</sup>) up to 9,250&nbsp;kcal·kg<sup>−1</sup> (38.7&nbsp;MJ·kg<sup>−1</sup>)
* [[Kerosene]]: up to 10,400&nbsp;kcal·kg<sup>−1</sup> (43.5&nbsp;MJ·kg<sup>−1</sup>)

''Source:''<ref name="vPhilippovich_1939_43" />

The first diesel fuel standards were the [[DIN 51601]], [[VTL 9140-001]], and [[NATO F 54]], which appeared after World War II.<ref name="MAN_436" /> The modern European [[EN 590]] [[diesel fuel]] standard was established in May 1993; the modern version of the NATO F 54 standard is mostly identical with it. The DIN 51628 biodiesel standard was rendered obsolete by the 2009 version of the EN 590; FAME biodiesel conforms to the [[EN 14214]] standard. Watercraft diesel engines usually operate on diesel engine fuel that conforms to the [[ISO 8217]] standard ([[Bunker C]]). Also, some diesel engines can operate on [[Fuel gas|gas]]ses (such as [[LNG]]).<ref name="Schwarz_2012_102" />