Editing Columbine High School massacre (section)

====Marilyn Manson====
{{Main|Marilyn Manson–Columbine High School massacre controversy}}
In the late 1990s, Marilyn Manson and his band established themselves as a household name,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timeout.com/newyork/music/marilyn-manson-interview-i-just-think-you-have-to-be-astonishing |title=Marilyn Manson interview: 'I just think you have to be astonishing' |first=Mischa |last=Pearlman |work=Time Out |date=January 21, 2015 |access-date=April 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150126040415/https://www.timeout.com/newyork/music/marilyn-manson-interview-i-just-think-you-have-to-be-astonishing |archive-date=January 26, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> and as one of the most controversial rock acts in music history.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/02/06/marilyn-manson_n_6625118.html |title=25 Unexpected Facts About Marilyn Manson (Only One of Which Involves Mario Kart) |first=Brian |last=Gasparek |work=The Huffington Post |date=February 6, 2015 |access-date=July 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819191844/http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/02/06/marilyn-manson_n_6625118.html |archive-date=August 19, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Their two album releases prior to the massacre were both critical and commercial successes,<ref name="NMEalbums">{{cite web |url=https://www.nme.com/photos/marilyn-manson-s-albums-ranked-from-worst-to-best-do-you-agree-1403501 |title=Marilyn Manson's Albums Ranked From Worst To Best |first=Emily |last=Barker |work=NME |date=June 12, 2015 |access-date=April 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519133654/http://www.nme.com/photos/marilyn-manson-s-albums-ranked-from-worst-to-best-do-you-agree-1403501 |archive-date=May 19, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> and by the time of their [[Rock Is Dead Tour]] in 1999, the frontman had become a [[culture war]] iconoclast and a rallying icon for alienated youth.<ref name="RSMMAG">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/marilyn-manson/biography |title=Marilyn Manson Rolling Stone Biography |magazine=Rolling Stone |access-date=July 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829094114/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/marilyn-manson/biography |archive-date=August 29, 2016}}</ref>

Immediately after the massacre, a significant portion of blame was directed at the band and, specifically, at its outspoken frontman.<ref>{{cite news |last=France |first=Lisa Respers |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/04/20/columbine.pop.culture/index.html |title=Columbine left its indelible mark on pop culture |publisher=CNN |date=April 20, 2009 |access-date=November 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514002848/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/04/20/columbine.pop.culture/index.html |archive-date=May 14, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1160375.stm |title=Never mind the headlines... |work=BBC News |date=February 9, 2001 |access-date=October 19, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415123154/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1160375.stm |archive-date=April 15, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> In the weeks following the shootings, media reports about Harris and Klebold portrayed them and the Trench Coat Mafia as part of a gothic [[cult]].<ref name=hist>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/columbine-high-school-shootings |title=Columbine Shooting |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |website=history.com |access-date=April 21, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315062132/http://www.history.com/topics/columbine-high-school-shootings |archive-date=March 15, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/01/us/terror-littleton-shunned-for-those-who-dress-differently-increase-being-viewed.html |title=For Those Who Dress Differently, an Increase in Being Viewed as Abnormal |last=Goldberg |first=Carey |date=May 1, 1999 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=October 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027011637/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/01/us/terror-littleton-shunned-for-those-who-dress-differently-increase-being-viewed.html |archive-date=October 27, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Early media reports alleged that the shooters were fans, and were wearing the group's T-shirts during the massacre.<ref name=Salon/><ref>{{cite web |last=O'Connor |first=Christopher |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/513754/colorado-tragedy-continues-to-spark-manson-bashing/ |title=Colorado Tragedy Continues To Spark Manson Bashing |publisher=MTV |date=April 27, 1999 |access-date=May 3, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008181330/http://www.mtv.com/news/513754/colorado-tragedy-continues-to-spark-manson-bashing/ |archive-date=October 8, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Although these claims were later proven to be false,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/marilyn-manson-media-storm-after-columbine-really-shut-down-my-career-entirely/ |title=Marilyn Manson: Media Storm After Columbine 'Really Shut Down My Career Entirely' |website=Blabbermouth.net |date=June 24, 2015 |access-date=June 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627061551/http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/marilyn-manson-media-storm-after-columbine-really-shut-down-my-career-entirely/ |archive-date=June 27, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> news outlets continued to run sensationalist stories with headlines such as "Killers Worshipped Rock Freak Manson" and "Devil-Worshipping Maniac Told Kids To Kill".<ref name="Screaming">{{cite magazine |first=Tom |last=Bryant |date=November 11, 2010 |title=Screaming For Vengeance |magazine=Kerrang! |issue=1338 |pages=40–42 |issn=0262-6624}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Jones |first=Steve |editor-first=Steve |editor-last=Jones |title=''Pop music and the press'' |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N-ViwZnnR3oC&q=Killers+worshipped+Rock+Freak&pg=PA126 |access-date=November 14, 2010 |year=2002 |publisher=Temple University Press |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-1-56639-966-1 |pages=126–127}}</ref> Speculation in national media and among the public led many to believe that Manson's music and imagery were the shooter's sole motivation,<ref>{{cite web |last=D'Angelo |first=Joe |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1443825/20010517/marilyn_manson.jhtml |title=Colorado Governor, Congressman Support Anti-Manson Group |publisher=MTV |date=May 21, 2001 |access-date=November 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040910144235/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1443825/20010517/marilyn_manson.jhtml |archive-date=September 10, 2004 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Screaming"/> despite reports that revealed that the two were not big fans.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/columbine-whose-fault-is-it-19990624 |title=Columbine: Whose Fault Is It? |first=Marilyn |last=Manson |author-link=Marilyn Manson |magazine=Rolling Stone |date=April 24, 1999 |access-date=June 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721192522/http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/columbine-whose-fault-is-it-19990624 |archive-date=July 21, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Holland |first=Meegan |url=http://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/index.ssf/2009/04/separating_myth_from_fact_on.html |title=Columbine High School massacre on 10th anniversary: 5 myths surrounding deadliest school attack in U.S. history |newspaper=The Grand Rapids Press |date=April 20, 2009 |access-date=November 16, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415123201/http://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/index.ssf/2009/04/separating_myth_from_fact_on.html |archive-date=April 15, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Despite this, Marilyn Manson were widely criticized by religious,<ref name="Ape">{{cite magazine |last1=Kessler |first1=Ted |date=September 9, 2000 |title=Marilyn Manson Goes Ape |magazine=NME |pages=28–31 |issn=0028-6362}}</ref> political,<ref name="Reexamination">{{cite news |last=Burk |first=Greg |url=http://www.laweekly.com/news/marilyn-a-re-examination-2132874 |title=Marilyn: A Re-Examination |newspaper=LA Weekly |publisher=Village Voice Media |date=January 18, 2001 |access-date=May 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529211151/http://www.laweekly.com/news/marilyn-a-re-examination-2132874 |archive-date=May 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> and entertainment-industry figures.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Uhelszki |first=Jaan |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/lynyrd-skynyrd-threaten-marilyn-manson-with-a-can-of-whoop-ass-19990813 |title=Lynyrd Skynyrd Threaten Marilyn Manson With a Can of Whoop Ass |magazine=Rolling Stone |date=August 13, 1999 |access-date=June 9, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519133714/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/lynyrd-skynyrd-threaten-marilyn-manson-with-a-can-of-whoop-ass-19990813 |archive-date=May 19, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Under mounting pressure in the days after Columbine, the group postponed their last five North American tour dates out of respect for the victims and their families.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1431704/marilyn-manson-postpones-us-tour-dates.jhtml |title=Marilyn Manson Postpones U.S. Tour Dates |publisher=MTV |date=April 28, 1999 |access-date=March 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813220034/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1431704/marilyn-manson-postpones-us-tour-dates.jhtml |archive-date=August 13, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/331363.stm |title=Manson cancels rest of US tour |work=BBC News |date=April 29, 1999 |access-date=November 18, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415123212/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/331363.stm |archive-date=April 15, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1427257/19990422/story.jhtml |title=Marilyn Manson Concert, Other Denver Events Cancelled in Wake of High School Shooting |publisher=MTV |date=April 22, 1999 |access-date=November 16, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011110152256/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1427257/19990422/story.jhtml |archive-date=November 10, 2001 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Manson published his response to these accusations in an [[op-ed]] piece for ''[[Rolling Stone]]'', titled "Columbine: Whose Fault Is It?", in which he castigated America's gun culture, the political influence of the National Rifle Association, and the media's irresponsible coverage, which he said facilitated the placing of blame on a [[scapegoat]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/columbine-whose-fault-is-it-232759/ |title=Columbine: Whose Fault Is It? |author=Manson, Marilyn |date=June 24, 1999 |publisher=Rolling Stone}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nme.com/news/nme/1434 |title=Marilyn Manson: The Write To Be Wrong |work=NME |date=May 1, 1999 |access-date=March 31, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119100905/http://www.nme.com/news/nme/1434 |archive-date=January 19, 2012}}</ref>
After concluding the European and Japanese legs of their tour on August 8, the band withdrew from public view to work on their next album, 2000's ''[[Holy Wood (In the Shadow of the Valley of Death)]]'' as an artistic rebuttal to the allegations leveled against them.<ref name=Salon/><ref name="Screaming"/><ref name=Sterngold>{{cite news |author=Sterngold, James |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/29/us/terror-in-littleton-the-culture-rock-concerts-are-cancelled.html |title=Terror in Littleton: The Culture; Rock Concerts Are Cancelled |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 29, 1999 |access-date=November 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701001244/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/29/us/terror-in-littleton-the-culture-rock-concerts-are-cancelled.html |archive-date=July 1, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>