Editing Renewable energy (section)

== Society and culture ==

=== Public support ===
{{multiple image
| total_width       = 400
| image1            = Most_people_say_countries_should_back_renewable_energy_to_fight_climate_change.jpg
| caption1          = Most respondents to a climate survey conducted in 2021-2022 by the [[European Investment Bank]] say countries should back renewable energy to fight climate change.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bank |first=European Investment |url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/the-eib-climate-survey-2021-2022 |title=The EIB Climate Survey 2021-2022 - Citizens call for green recovery |date=2022-04-20 |publisher=European Investment Bank |isbn=978-92-861-5223-8 |language=EN}}</ref>
| image2            = Renewable_energies_are_considered_an_investment_priority_in_the_European_Union,_China_and,_to_a_lesser_extent,_the_United_States.png
| caption2          = The same survey a year later shows that renewable energy is considered an investment priority in the European Union, China and the United States<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bank |first=European Investment |url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20230098-eib-climate-survey-europe |title=The EIB Climate Survey: Government action, personal choices and the green transition |date=2023-06-05 |publisher=European Investment Bank |isbn=978-92-861-5535-2 |language=EN}}</ref>
}}
[[File:202307 Survey - comfortable with solar wind nuclear in my community.svg|thumb|Acceptance of wind and solar facilities in one's community is stronger among U.S. Democrats (blue), while acceptance of nuclear power plants is stronger among U.S. Republicans (red).<ref name="WashPost_20231003">{{cite news |last1=Chiu |first1=Allyson |last2=Guskin |first2=Emily |last3=Clement |first3=Scott |date=3 October 2023 |title=Americans don't hate living near solar and wind farms as much as you might think |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-solutions/2023/10/03/solar-panels-wind-turbines-nimby/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003211732/https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-solutions/2023/10/03/solar-panels-wind-turbines-nimby/ |archive-date=3 October 2023 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref>]]
Solar power plants may compete with [[arable land]],<ref name="van Zalk Behrens">{{Cite journal |last1=van Zalk |first1=John |last2=Behrens |first2=Paul |date=1 December 2018 |title=The spatial extent of renewable and non-renewable power generation: A review and meta-analysis of power densities and their application in the U.S. |journal=Energy Policy |volume=123 |pages=83–91 |bibcode=2018EnPol.123...83V |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2018.08.023 |issn=0301-4215 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free |hdl=1887/64883}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Leake |first=Jonathan |title=UK's largest solar farm 'will destroy north Kent landscape' |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/environment/article/uks-largest-solar-farm-will-destroy-north-kent-landscape-w95fxwjj5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620144215/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/uks-largest-solar-farm-will-destroy-north-kent-landscape-w95fxwjj5 |archive-date=20 June 2020 |access-date=21 June 2020 |newspaper=[[The Times]] |issn=0140-0460}}</ref> while on-shore [[wind farm]]s often face opposition due to aesthetic concerns and noise.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McGwin |first=Kevin |date=20 April 2018 |title=Sámi mount new challenge to legality of Norway's largest wind farm |url=https://www.arctictoday.com/sami-mount-new-challenge-legality-norways-largest-wind-farm/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728123316/https://www.arctictoday.com/sami-mount-new-challenge-legality-norways-largest-wind-farm/ |archive-date=28 July 2020 |access-date=21 June 2020 |website=ArcticToday}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=7 August 2018 |title=Why do so many people in France hate wind farms? |url=https://www.thelocal.fr/20180807/why-do-some-people-in-france-hate-wind-farms-so-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725182107/https://www.thelocal.fr/20180807/why-do-some-people-in-france-hate-wind-farms-so-much/ |archive-date=25 July 2021 |access-date=25 July 2021 |work=The Local |location=France}}</ref> Such opponents are often described as [[NIMBY]]s ("not in my back yard").<ref>{{Cite news |title=America needs a new environmentalism |url=https://www.economist.com/united-states/2023/01/29/america-needs-a-new-environmentalism |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429133920/https://www.economist.com/united-states/2023/01/29/america-needs-a-new-environmentalism |archive-date=2024-04-29 |access-date=2024-05-31 |newspaper=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Some environmentalists are concerned about fatal collisions of birds and bats with wind turbines.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hogan |first=Brianne |date=2020-03-03 |title=Is it possible to build wildlife-friendly windfarms? |url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200302-how-do-wind-farms-affect-bats-birds-and-other-wildlife |work=BBC}}</ref> Although protests against new wind farms occasionally occur around the world, regional and national surveys generally find broad support for both solar and wind power.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spencer |first=Brian Kennedy and Alison |date=2021-06-08 |title=Most Americans support expanding solar and wind energy, but Republican support has dropped |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2021/06/08/most-americans-support-expanding-solar-and-wind-energy-but-republican-support-has-dropped/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Witkowska-Dabrowska |first1=Mirosława |last2=Świdyńska |first2=Natalia |last3=Napiórkowska-Baryła |first3=Agnieszka |date=2021-12-01 |title=Attitudes of Communities in Rural Areas towards the Development of Wind Energy |journal=Energies |language=en |volume=14 |issue=23 |pages=8052 |doi=10.3390/en14238052 |doi-access=free |issn=1996-1073}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-12 |title=Limits to growth: Resistance against wind power in Germany |url=https://www.cleanenergywire.org/factsheets/fighting-windmills-when-growth-hits-resistance |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=Clean Energy Wire |language=en}}</ref>

[[Community wind energy|Community-owned wind energy]] is sometimes proposed as a way to increase local support for wind farms.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last1=Hogan |first1=Jessica L. |last2=Warren |first2=Charles R. |last3=Simpson |first3=Michael |last4=McCauley |first4=Darren |date=December 2022 |title=What makes local energy projects acceptable? Probing the connection between ownership structures and community acceptance |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301421522004761 |journal=Energy Policy |language=en |volume=171 |pages=113257 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113257|bibcode=2022EnPol.17113257H |hdl=10023/26074 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> A 2011 UK Government document stated that "projects are generally more likely to succeed if they have broad public support and the consent of local communities. This means giving communities both a say and a stake."<ref>Department of Energy & Climate Change (2011). [https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/48128/2167-uk-renewable-energy-roadmap.pdf UK Renewable Energy Roadmap (PDF)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010110439/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/48128/2167-uk-renewable-energy-roadmap.pdf|date=10 October 2017}} p. 35.</ref> In the 2000s and early 2010s, many renewable projects in Germany, Sweden and Denmark were owned by local communities, particularly through [[cooperative]] structures.<ref>DTI, [http://www.uk.coop/sites/default/files/36247mr_0_0.pdf Co-operative Energy: Lessons from Denmark and Sweden]{{Dead link|date=July 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}, Report of a DTI Global Watch Mission, October 2004</ref><ref>Morris C & Pehnt M, [http://energytransition.de/wp-content/themes/boell/pdf/German-Energy-Transition.pdf German Energy Transition: Arguments for a Renewable Energy Future] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403005225/http://energytransition.de/wp-content/themes/boell/pdf/German-Energy-Transition.pdf|date=3 April 2013}}, Heinrich Böll Foundation, November 2012</ref> In the years since, more installations in Germany have been undertaken by large companies,<ref name=":6" /> but community ownership remains strong in Denmark.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Energy Communities |url=https://pub.norden.org/nordicenergyresearch2023-03/denmark.html |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=Nordic Cooperation |language=en}}</ref>