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===Citations=== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="Bayon">Bayón, Damián (1998). "Art, c. 1920–c. 1980". In: Leslie Bethell (ed.), ''A cultural history of Latin America''. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, {{ISBN|0521626269}}, pp. 425–428.</ref> <ref name="Belaunde">Belaunde, Víctor Andrés (1983). ''Peruanidad''. Lima: BCR, p. 472.</ref> <ref name="John">St John, Ronald Bruce (1992). ''The foreign policy of Peru''. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, {{ISBN|1555873049}}, pp. 223–224.</ref> <ref name="Lucie">Lucie-Smith, Edward (1993). [https://archive.org/details/latinamericanart00luci ''Latin American art of the 20th century''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820094958/https://archive.org/details/latinamericanart00luci |date=20 August 2016}}. London: Thames and Hudson, {{ISBN|0500203563}}, pp. 76–77, 145–146.</ref> <ref name="Olsen">Olsen, Dale (2002). ''Music of El Dorado: the ethnomusicology of ancient South American cultures''. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, {{ISBN|0813029201}}, pp. 17–22.</ref> <ref name="Sheahan">{{cite book |last=Sheahan |first=John |title=Searching for a better society: the Peruvian economy from 1950 |location=University Park |publisher=The Pennsylvania State University Press |date=1999 |isbn=0271018720 |page=157}}</ref> <ref name="Turino">[[Thomas Turino|Turino, Thomas]] (1993). "Charango". In: Stanley Sadie (ed.), ''The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments'', vol. I. New York: MacMillan Press Limited. p. 340. {{ISBN|0333378784}}.</ref> <ref name="Draft">{{cite journal |last=Shugart |first=Matthew Søberg |date=September 2005 |title=Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns |url=http://dss.ucsd.edu/~mshugart/semi-presidentialism.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819200307/http://dss.ucsd.edu/~mshugart/semi-presidentialism.pdf |archive-date=19 August 2008 |access-date=31 August 2017}}</ref> <ref name="Dual">{{cite journal |last=Shugart |first=Matthew Søberg |author-link=Matthew Søberg Shugart |date=December 2005 |title=Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns |journal=French Politics |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=323–351 |issn=1476-3427 |oclc=6895745903 |doi=10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087 |doi-access=free |quote=Only in Latin America have all new democracies retained a pure presidential form, except for Peru (president-parliamentary) and Bolivia (assembly-independent).}}</ref> <ref name="IMFWEO.PE">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=293,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Peru) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |date=10 October 2023 |access-date=12 October 2023 |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029022041/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=293,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Villalba-2022">{{cite journal |last1=Villalba |first1=Fernando Velásquez |date=2022 |title=A Totalidade Neoliberal-Fujimorista: Estigmatização e Colonialidade No Peru Contemporâneo |journal=Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais |volume=37 |issue=109 |pages=e3710906 |doi=10.1590/3710906/2022 |s2cid=251877338 |quote=terruqueo, ou seja, a construção artificial, racista e conveniente de um inimigo sociopolítico para deslegitimar formas de protesto social|doi-access=free |issn = 0102-6909}}</ref> <ref name="Banda-2023">{{Cite web |last1=Banda |first1=Gonzalo |date=12 January 2023 |title=At Peru Protests' Epicenter, Rage—And a Sense of Betrayal |url=https://www.americasquarterly.org/article/at-peru-protests-epicenter-rage-and-a-sense-of-betrayal/ |access-date=15 January 2023 |website=[[Americas Quarterly]] |language=en-US |archive-date=12 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112203739/https://www.americasquarterly.org/article/at-peru-protests-epicenter-rage-and-a-sense-of-betrayal/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Keatinge22">{{cite journal |last1=Keatinge |first1=Richard W. |last2=Conrad |first2=Geoffrey W. |date=1983 |title=Imperialist expansion in Peruvian prehistory: Chimu administration of a conquered territory |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=10 |pages=255–283 |doi=10.1179/009346983791504246 |number=3}}</ref> <ref name="discover-peru.org2">Conquest and Colony of Peru.{{cite web |title=Conquest and Colony of Peru |url=http://www.discover-peru.org/conquest-and-colony-of-peru/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818164503/http://www.discover-peru.org/conquest-and-colony-of-peru/ |archive-date=18 August 2016 |access-date=28 July 2014 |website=discover-peru.org}}</ref> <ref name="Alfredo3">{{cite book|author=Alfredo Schulte-Bockholt|title=The politics of organized crime and the organized crime of politics: a study in criminal power|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2006|isbn=978-0-7391-1358-5|pages=114–118|chapter=Chapter 5: Elites, Cocaine, and Power in Colombia and Peru|quote=important members of the officer corps, particularly within the army, had been contemplating a military coup and the establishment of an authoritarian regime, or a so-called directed democracy. The project was known as 'Plan Verde', the Green Plan. ... Fujimori essentially adopted the 'Plan Verde,' and the military became a partner in the regime. ... The autogolpe, or self-coup, of April 5, 1992, dissolved the Congress and the country's constitution and allowed for the implementation of the most important components of the 'Plan Verde.'}}</ref> <ref name="Rospigliosi-1996b">{{Cite book|last=Rospigliosi|first=Fernando|title=Las Fuerzas Armadas y el 5 de abril: la percepción de la amenaza subversiva como una motivación golpista|publisher=Instituto de Estudios Peruanos|year=1996|location=Lima, Peru|pages=28–40}}</ref> <ref name="Avilés-2009">{{Cite journal|last=Avilés|first=William|date=Spring 2009|title=Despite Insurgency: Reducing Military Prerogatives in Colombia and Peru|journal=[[Latin American Politics and Society]]|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|volume=51|issue=1|pages=57–85|doi=10.1111/j.1548-2456.2009.00040.x|s2cid=154153310}}</ref> <ref name="Leonard-2013">{{Cite book|last=Leonard|first=Thomas M.|title=Encyclopedia of the Developing World|year= 2013 |publisher=Taylor and Francis|isbn=9781135205157|pages=685|quote=The inflation rate in 1990 was 7,650%.... President Fujimori immediately implemented a program of severe austerity and privatization programs. The economic shock therapy hit the poor the hardest, but brought inflation down to 139% in 1991 and 57% in 1992.}}</ref> <ref name="ECLAC-1992">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RTMDEAAAQBAJ|title=Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean 1992|date=31 December 1992|publisher=ECLAC|pages=31|isbn=9789210601191|access-date=19 March 2023|archive-date=27 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427210129/https://books.google.com/books?id=RTMDEAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Mitrovic-2021">{{Cite journal |last=Mitrovic |first=Mijail |date=30 December 2021 |title=At the fabric of history: Peru's political struggle under (and against) the pandemic |journal=[[Dialectical Anthropology]] |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=431–446|doi=10.1007/s10624-021-09634-5 |pmid=34980936 |pmc=8716181}}</ref> <ref name="The Economist-2007">{{cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/research/backgrounders/displaybackgrounder.cfm?bg=709221 |url-status=dead |newspaper=The Economist |date=17 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410185845/http://www.economist.com/research/backgrounders/displaybackgrounder.cfm?bg=709221 |archive-date=10 April 2008 |title=Peru}}</ref> <ref name="Patriau-2023">{{Cite web |date=2 January 2023 |title=Daniel Encinas: "Dina Boluarte ha hecho una coalición con fuerzas que no ganaron la elección" |url=https://larepublica.pe/politica/actualidad/2023/01/02/pedro-castillo-daniel-encinas-dina-boluarte-ha-hecho-una-coalicion-con-fuerzas-que-no-ganaron-la-eleccion-golpe-de-estado-fuerzas-armadas-adelanto-de-elecciones/ |access-date=12 January 2023 |website=[[La República (Peru)|La Republica]] |language=es |archive-date=16 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116172824/https://larepublica.pe/politica/actualidad/2023/01/02/pedro-castillo-daniel-encinas-dina-boluarte-ha-hecho-una-coalicion-con-fuerzas-que-no-ganaron-la-eleccion-golpe-de-estado-fuerzas-armadas-adelanto-de-elecciones/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="PROFE92">{{cite book|last1=Asensio|first1=Raúl|url=https://fondoeditorial.iep.org.pe/producto/el-profe-como-pedro-castillo-se-convirtio-en-presidente-del-peru-y-que-pasara-a-continuacion-2/|title=El Profe: Cómo Pedro Castillo se convirtió en presidente del Perú y qué pasará a continuación|last2=Camacho|first2=Gabriela|last3=González|first3=Natalia|last4=Grompone|first4=Romeo|last5=Pajuelo Teves|first5=Ramón|last6=Peña Jimenez|first6=Omayra|last7=Moscoso|first7=Macarena|last8=Vásquez|first8=Yerel|last9=Sosa Villagarcia|first9=Paolo|year=2021|publisher=[[Institute of Peruvian Studies]]|isbn=978-612-326-084-2|edition=1|location=[[Lima, Peru]]|pages=92|language=es|access-date=17 November 2021|archive-date=5 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105081352/https://fondoeditorial.iep.org.pe/producto/el-profe-como-pedro-castillo-se-convirtio-en-presidente-del-peru-y-que-pasara-a-continuacion-2/|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Taj-2021">{{Cite news|last=Taj|first=Mitra|date=7 December 2021|title='Too many mistakes': Peru's president threatened with impeachment after shaky start|work=[[Financial Times]]|url=https://www.ft.com/content/685a5a7d-4531-4242-9074-badd59254349 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/685a5a7d-4531-4242-9074-badd59254349 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=13 December 2021}}</ref> <ref name="Reuters-2021">{{Cite news|date=19 November 2021|title=Peru's Keiko Fujimori backs long-shot effort to impeach President Castillo|language=en|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/perus-keiko-fujimori-backs-long-shot-effort-impeach-president-castillo-2021-11-19/|access-date=13 December 2021|archive-date=29 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129191635/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/perus-keiko-fujimori-backs-long-shot-effort-impeach-president-castillo-2021-11-19/|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Tegel-2021">{{Cite web|last=Tegel|first=Simeon|date=15 October 2021|title=Can Pedro Castillo Save His Presidency?|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/10/15/peru-president-pedro-castillo-left-extremism-impeachment/|access-date=13 December 2021|website=[[Foreign Policy]]|language=en-US|archive-date=15 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015221103/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/10/15/peru-president-pedro-castillo-left-extremism-impeachment/|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Williams 1972 43–60">{{Cite journal|last=Williams|first=James L.|title=Revolution from Within: Changing Military Perspectives in Peru|date=1972|journal=Naval War College Review|volume=25|issue=2|pages=43–60|jstor=44639763|issn=0028-1484}}</ref> <ref name="selectlatam">{{cite web | url=http://www.selectlatinamerica.co.uk/destinations/peru/wildlife | title=Peru: Wildlife | publisher=Select Latin America | access-date=16 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226200532/http://www.selectlatinamerica.co.uk/destinations/peru/wildlife | archive-date=26 February 2010}}</ref> <ref name="pemining">{{Cite web |title=PRODUCCIÓN CUPRÍFERA AUMENTÓ UN 12.7% EN 2023 Y EL PERÚ SE MANTIENE COMO EL SEGUNDO MAYOR PRODUCTOR DE COBRE DEL MUNDO |url=https://www.comexperu.org.pe/articulo/produccion-cuprifera-aumento-un-127-en-2023-y-el-peru-se-mantiene-como-el-segundo-mayor-productor-de-cobre-del-mundo |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Sociedad de Comercio Exterior del Perú |language=es |archive-date=16 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240916020921/https://www.comexperu.org.pe/articulo/produccion-cuprifera-aumento-un-127-en-2023-y-el-peru-se-mantiene-como-el-segundo-mayor-productor-de-cobre-del-mundo |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Atalayar">{{Cite web |title=Food crisis deepens in Peru, more than half of the population lacks enough to eat |url=https://atalayar.com/en/content/food-crisis-deepens-peru-more-half-population-lacks-enough-eat |access-date= |website=Atalayar |date=December 2022 |language=en |archive-date=4 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304003439/https://atalayar.com/en/content/food-crisis-deepens-peru-more-half-population-lacks-enough-eat |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Chaparro-2023">{{Cite news |date=22 January 2023 |title=In Peru, half the population lacks food security |language=en |work= |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/01/22/in-peru-half-the-population-lacks-food-security_6012540_4.html |access-date=4 March 2023 |archive-date=4 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304004054/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/01/22/in-peru-half-the-population-lacks-food-security_6012540_4.html |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Loaiza-2016">{{in lang|es}} [http://www.resonancias.org/content/read/355/ Resonancias.org] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007040234/http://www.resonancias.org/content/read/355/ |date=7 October 2016}} – Aboriginal languages of Peru</ref> <ref name="IfKRF">{{cite web|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/un-population-projection-medium-variant?tab=table&time=2023|title=Population, including UN projections, 2023|author=United Nations|access-date=25 February 2023|archive-date=26 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226040947/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/un-population-projection-medium-variant?tab=table&time=2023|url-status=live}}</ref> }}
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