Editing Pakistan (section)

=== Literature and philosophy ===
{{Main|Literature of Pakistan|Urdu poetry|Pakistani philosophy}}
[[File:Iqbal.jpg|thumb|upright=0.65|alt=Muhammad Iqbal|[[Muhammad Iqbal]], Pakistan's national poet who conceived the [[Conception of Pakistan|idea]] of Pakistan]]

Pakistan boasts literature in various languages including [[Urdu literature|Urdu]], [[Sindhi literature|Sindhi]], [[Punjabi literature|Punjabi]], [[Pashto literature and poetry|Pashto]], [[Balochi Academy|Baluchi]], [[Persian literature|Persian]], [[Pakistani English literature|English]], and more.<ref>{{cite book |author=Alamgir Hashmi |editor=Radhika Mohanram |others=Gita Rajan |title=English postcoloniality: literatures from around the world |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_uwA78YZDoC&pg=PA107|year=1996 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-28854-8 |pages=107–112}}</ref> The [[Pakistan Academy of Letters]] actively promotes literature and poetry both domestically and internationally.<ref>Official website in English [http://pal.gov.pk/home/ Pakistan Academy of Letters] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306135947/http://pal.gov.pk/home/ |date=6 March 2013}}</ref> [[National Library of Pakistan|National Library]] contributes to literary dissemination. Historically, Pakistani literature consisted mainly of [[lyric poetry|lyric]], [[Sufi poetry|religious]], and [[Pakistani folklore|folkloric]] works, later diversifying under colonial influence into prose fiction, now widely embraced.<ref>{{cite web |author=Gilani Kamran |title=Pakistani Literature{{Snd}} Evolution & trends |url=http://www.the-south-asian.com/Jan2002/Pakistani-Literature3-the-Novel.htm |publisher=The South Asian Magazine |date=January 2002|access-date=24 December 2011}}</ref><ref name="granta">{{cite web |author=Huma Imtiaz |title=Granta: The global reach of Pakistani literature |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/53272/granta-the-global-reach-of-pakistani-literature/ |website=The Express Tribune |date=26 September 2010|access-date=24 December 2011}}</ref>

The [[List of national poets|national poet]] of Pakistan, [[Muhammad Iqbal]], wrote influential poetry in Urdu and Persian, advocating for Islamic civilizational revival.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |author=Annemarie Schimmel |title=Iqbal, Muhammad |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |date=15 December 2004 |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iqbal-muhammad |access-date=1 January 2012}}</ref> Notable figures in contemporary Urdu literature include [[Josh Malihabadi]], [[Faiz Ahmed Faiz]], and [[Saadat Hasan Manto]].<ref name="granta" /> Popular Sufi poets like [[Shah Abdul Latif]] and [[Bulleh Shah]] are revered.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Muhammad Zahid Rifat |title=Paying tributes to popular Sufi poets |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-268638505.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117074308/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-268638505.html |archive-date=17 January 2013 |newspaper=The Nation|date=3 October 2011|access-date=25 December 2011}}</ref> [[Mirza Kalich Beg]] is hailed as the father of modern Sindhi prose.<ref>{{cite book |title=L.H. Ajwani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dL5owdAV5TcC&pg=PA50 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi|author=Chetan Karnani |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-260-1664-8 |page=50}}</ref> Pakistani philosophy has been shaped by influences from British and American philosophy, with notable figures like [[M. M. Sharif]] contributing to its development.<ref>{{cite web |display-authors=etal |author=Richard V. DeSemet |title=Philosophical Activities in Pakistan:1947–1961 |url=http://www.crvp.org/book/Series02/IIA-3/appendix.htm |website=Work published by Pakistan Philosophical Congress |access-date=25 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509105450/http://www.crvp.org/book/Series02/IIA-3/appendix.htm |archive-date=9 May 2013}}</ref> Post-1971, Marxist thought gained prominence in Pakistani philosophy through figures like [[Jalaludin Abdur Rahim]].<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Ahmad |editor-first1=Naeem |title=Philosophy in Pakistan |date=1998 |publisher=Council for Research in Values and Philosophy |location=Washington, DC |isbn=978-1-56518-108-3}}</ref>