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== Culture == {{Main|Culture of Norway}} [[File:Wilhelmine Seippel.jpg|thumb|Traditional Norwegian farmer's costumes, known as ''folkedrakt'', and modern costumes inspired by those costumes, known as ''[[bunad]]'', are widely used on special occasions.]] The Norwegian farm culture continues to play a role in contemporary Norwegian culture. In the 19th century, it inspired a strong [[Norwegian romantic nationalism|romantic nationalistic]] movement, which is still visible in the [[Norwegian language]] and [[:Category:Mass media in Norway|media]]. Norwegian culture expanded with nationalist efforts to achieve an independent identity in the areas of literature, art and music. This continues today in the performing arts and as a result of government support for exhibitions, cultural projects and artwork.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761556517_4/norway.html |title="Norway's Culture", ''Encarta'' |publisher=Webcitation.org |access-date=15 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028211352/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761556517_4/Norway.html |archive-date=28 October 2009 }}</ref> === Cinema === {{Main|Cinema of Norway}} Norwegian cinema has received international recognition. The documentary film ''[[Kon-Tiki (1950 film)|Kon-Tiki]]'' (1950) won an [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]]. Another notable film is ''[[The Pinchcliffe Grand Prix]]'', an animated feature film directed by [[Ivo Caprino]]. The film was released in 1975 and is the most widely seen Norwegian film of all time.<ref name="l459">{{cite web | last=Aune | first=Oddvin | title=Mest sette kinofilm på 33 år | website=NRK | date=16 January 2009 | url=https://www.nrk.no/kultur/mest-sette-kinofilm-pa-33-ar-1.6436242 | language=nb | access-date=19 May 2025}}</ref> [[Nils Gaup]]'s ''[[Pathfinder (1987 film)|Pathfinder]]'' (1987), the story of the [[Sámi people|Sámi]], was nominated for an Oscar. [[Berit Nesheim]]'s ''[[The Other Side of Sunday]]'' was nominated for an Oscar in 1997. [[File:The Monn Keys (cropped) - Egil Monn-Iversen.jpg|left|thumb|upright=.8|[[Egil Monn-Iversen|Egil Ragnar Monn-Iversen]] had so much influence in Norwegian culture that he received the nickname ''the Godfather''.]] Since the 1990s, the film industry has expanded, producing up to 20 feature films each year. Particular successes were ''[[Kristin Lavransdatter]]'', based on a novel by a Nobel Prize winner; ''[[The Telegraphist]]'' and ''[[Gurin with the Foxtail]]''. [[Knut Erik Jensen]] was among the more successful new directors, together with [[Erik Skjoldbjærg]], who is remembered for ''[[Insomnia (1997 film)|Insomnia]]''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120126134405/http://www.norway.org/aboutnorway/culture/film/A_Brief_History_of_Norwegian_Film/ "A brief history of Norwegian film"]</ref> ''[[Elling]]'' and the 2012 adaption of [[Kon-Tiki (2012 film)|''Kon-Tiki'']] was nominated for an Oscar for the best foreign language film. The TV-series [[Skam (TV series)|''Skam'']] created by [[Julie Andem]] received a cult following and international recognition, with many countries making their own adaptations. Norwegian directors such as [[Joachim Rønning]], [[Anja Breien]], [[Espen Sandberg]], [[Liv Ullmann]] and [[Morten Tyldum]] have made internationally successful movies such as ''[[The Imitation Game]]'', [[Passengers (2016 film)|''Passengers'']], [[Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales|''Pirates of the Caribbean: Salazar's Revenge'']] and ''[[Maleficent: Mistress of Evil]]'', as well as the TV series [[Jack Ryan (TV series)|''Jack Ryan'']] and [[Marco Polo (2014 TV series)|''Marco Polo'']]. Composers include [[Thomas Bergersen]], who composed for [[Avatar (2009 film)|''Avatar'']], ''[[The Dark Knight]]'', [[Harry Potter (film series)|''Harry Potter'']] and [[The Chronicles of Narnia (film series)|''Narnia'']]. [[Egil Monn-Iversen]] has been one of the most influential modern composers in Norway, having composed scores to over 100 Norwegian movies and TV series. Norway has been used as filming location for Hollywood and other international productions, including [[Star Wars]] ''[[The Empire Strikes Back]]'' (1980). Among the thousands of movies filmed in Norway include ''[[Die Another Day]]'', ''[[No Time to Die]]'', ''[[The Golden Compass (film)|The Golden Compass]]'', ''[[Spies Like Us]]'', ''[[Mission: Impossible – Fallout]]'' and ''[[Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One]]'', [[Black Widow (2021 film)|''Black Widow'']], [[Tenet (film)|''Tenet'']], ''[[Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film)|Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince]]'' and ''[[The Heroes of Telemark|Heroes of Telemark]],'' as well as the TV series ''[[Lilyhammer]]'' and ''[[Vikings (2013 TV series)|Vikings]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.norwegianfilm.com/index.php?ID=FilmsShotInNorway |title=Norwegian Film Commission |publisher=Norwegianfilm.com |access-date=22 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426061733/http://www.norwegianfilm.com/index.php?ID=FilmsShotInNorway |archive-date=26 April 2012 }}</ref> === Music === {{Main|Music of Norway}} <!---Caution should be taken to ensure that the sections are not simply a listing of names or mini biographies of individuals accomplishments----> {{See also|Nordic popular music#Norway|label 1=Norwegian music industry}} [[File:Edvard Grieg (1888) by Elliot and Fry - 02.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Edvard Grieg]], composer and pianist]] The classical music of the [[romanticism|romantic]] composers [[Edvard Grieg]], [[Rikard Nordraak]] and [[Johan Svendsen]] is internationally known, as is the modern music of [[Arne Nordheim]]. Norway's classical performers include [[Leif Ove Andsnes]], a pianist; [[Truls Mørk]], an outstanding [[cellist]]; and the [[Wagnerian]] soprano [[Kirsten Flagstad]].{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} The [[Scandinavian ballad tradition|Norwegian ballad tradition]], known as the "ballad wave" (Norwegian: ''visebølgen''), started as a cultural movement in the 1960s, greatly inspired by the Swedish ballad tradition and its modern representatives such as [[Olle Adolphson]] and [[Cornelis Vreeswijk]]. Some of its prominent representatives are [[Ole Paus]], [[Lillebjørn Nilsen]] and [[Finn Kalvik]].<ref>Rigmor Falla: ''Tone, tekst og trubadur: 60 år med Visens Venner''. Andresen & Butenschøn. Oslo 2003. ISBN 978-82-8089-216-4</ref> The jazz scene is thriving. [[Jan Garbarek]], [[Terje Rypdal]], [[Mari Boine]], [[Arild Andersen]] and [[Bugge Wesseltoft]] are internationally recognised while [[Paal Nilssen-Love]], [[Supersilent]], [[Jaga Jazzist]] and [[Wibutee]] are becoming world-class artists.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.studyinnorway.no/sn/Living-in-Norway/Culture |title=Culture |publisher=Studyinnorway.no |date=26 March 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219033541/http://www.studyinnorway.no/sn/Living-in-Norway/Culture |archive-date=19 February 2012 |access-date=16 November 2009 }}</ref> Norway has a strong [[folk music]] tradition which remains popular.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120126212358/http://www.norway.org/aboutnorway/culture/music/folk/ Folk Music from Norway]</ref> Among the most prominent folk musicians are [[Hardanger fiddle]]rs [[Andrea Een]], [[Olav Jørgen Hegge]] and [[Annbjørg Lien]], and the vocalists [[Agnes Buen Garnås]], [[Kirsten Bråten Berg]] and [[Odd Nordstoga]]. [[Early Norwegian black metal scene|Norwegian black metal]], a form of [[rock music in Norway]], has been an influence in world music since the late 20th century.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} Since the 1990s, Norway's export of [[black metal]] has been developed by such bands as [[Emperor (Norwegian band)|Emperor]], [[Darkthrone]], [[Gorgoroth]], [[Mayhem (band)|Mayhem]], [[Burzum]] and [[Immortal (band)|Immortal]]. Bands such as [[Enslaved (band)|Enslaved]], [[Kvelertak]], [[Dimmu Borgir]] and [[Satyricon (band)|Satyricon]] have evolved the genre while still garnering worldwide fans. Notable female solo artists from Norway include [[Susanne Sundfør]], [[Sigrid (singer)|Sigrid]], [[Astrid S]], [[Adelén]], [[Julie Bergan]], [[Maria Mena]], [[Tone Damli]], [[Margaret Berger]], [[Lene Marlin]], [[Christel Alsos]], [[Maria Arredondo]], [[Marion Raven]] and [[Marit Larsen]] (both former members of the defunct pop-rock band [[M2M (band)|M2M]]), [[Lene Nystrøm]] (vocalist of the Danish Eurodance group [[Aqua (band)|Aqua]]), [[Anni-Frid Lyngstad]] (vocalist of the Swedish pop group [[ABBA]]), and [[Aurora (singer)|Aurora Aksnes]]. Norwegian songwriters and producers for international artists include [[Stargate (production team)|Stargate]], [[Espen Lind]], [[Lene Marlin]] and [[Ina Wroldsen]]. Norway has been a constant competitor in the [[Eurovision Song Contest]], participating 62 times. Since its first participation in 1960, Norway has won the competition three times: [[Bobbysocks]]'s win in {{escyr|1985}}, [[Secret Garden (duo)|Secret Garden]]'s win in {{escyr|1995}} and [[Alexander Rybak]]'s win in {{escyr|2009}}.<ref>{{cite web|title= Norway in Eurovision|url= https://eurovision.tv/country/norway|website= Eurovision.tv|access-date= 2 August 2023|archive-date= 21 June 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220621202300/https://eurovision.tv/country/norway|url-status= live}}</ref> Alexander Rybak's win in 2009 with his song [[Fairytale (Alexander Rybak song)|Fairytale]] was a major win in Eurovision's history as it scored the biggest margin of victory ever.<ref>{{cite web|title= Norway in Eurovision|url= https://eurovision.tv/country/norway|website= Eurovision.tv|access-date= 2 August 2023|quote= Norway has won the contest 3 times and scored the biggest margin of victory ever in 2009.|archive-date= 21 June 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220621202300/https://eurovision.tv/country/norway|url-status= live}}</ref> The song was an international hit, peaking at number one in several countries.<ref name="Hung 2009 c028">{{cite web | last=Hung | first=Steffen | title=Alexander Rybak Fairytale | website=swedishcharts.com | date=24 April 2009 | url=https://swedishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Alexander+Rybak&titel=Fairytale&cat=s | access-date=3 August 2023 | archive-date=16 August 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816180210/https://swedishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Alexander+Rybak&titel=Fairytale&cat=s | url-status=live }}</ref> Norway enjoys many music festivals throughout the year, all over the country. Norway is the host of one of the world's biggest [[extreme sport]] festivals with music, [[Ekstremsportveko]]—a festival held annually in [[Voss]]. Oslo is the host of many festivals, such as [[Øyafestivalen]] and [[by:Larm]]. Oslo used to have a summer parade similar to the German [[Love Parade]]. In 1992, the city of Oslo wanted to adopt the French music festival ''Fête de la Musique''. [[Fredrik Carl Størmer]] established the festival. From its first year, "Musikkens Dag" gathered thousands of people and artists in the streets of Oslo. "Musikkens Dag" is now renamed ''Musikkfest Oslo''.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} === Literature === {{Main|Norwegian literature}} {{See also|List of Norwegian writers}} {{Unreferenced section|date=February 2022}} [[File:Henrik Ibsen av Eilif Peterssen 1895.jpg|thumb|[[Henrik Ibsen]], the most frequently performed dramatist in the world after [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]].]] <!-- [[File:Sigrid Undset 1928.jpg|upright|thumb|[[Sigrid Undset]]]] --> The history of Norwegian literature starts with the [[Norse paganism|pagan]] [[Poetic Edda|Eddaic poems]] and [[skald]]ic verse of the ninth and tenth centuries, with poets such as [[Bragi Boddason]] and [[Eyvindr skáldaspillir]]. The arrival of Christianity around the year 1000 brought Norway into contact with European medieval learning, [[hagiography]] and history writing. Merged with native oral tradition and Icelandic influence, this influenced the literature written in the late 12th and early 13th centuries. Major works of that period include ''[[Historia Norwegiæ]]'', ''[[Þiðrekssaga]]'' and ''[[Konungs skuggsjá]]''. Little Norwegian literature came out of the period of the Scandinavian Union and the subsequent Dano-Norwegian union (1387–1814), with some notable exceptions such as [[Petter Dass]] and [[Ludvig Holberg]]. During the union with Denmark, the government imposed using only written Danish, which decreased the writing of Norwegian literature. Two major events precipitated a major resurgence in Norwegian literature: in 1811 a Norwegian university was established in [[Oslo|Christiania]], and in 1814 the Norwegians created their first [[Constitution of Norway|Constitution]]. Authors were inspired and became recognised first in Scandinavia, and then worldwide; among them were [[Henrik Wergeland]], [[Peter Christen Asbjørnsen]], [[Jørgen Moe]] and [[Camilla Collett]]. By the late 19th century, in the [[Golden Age]] of Norwegian literature, the so-called "Great Four" emerged: [[Henrik Ibsen]], [[Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson]], [[Alexander Kielland]], and [[Jonas Lie (writer)|Jonas Lie]]. Bjørnson's "peasant novels", such as ''Ein glad gut'' (A Happy Boy) and ''Synnøve Solbakken'', are typical of the [[Norwegian romantic nationalism]] of their day. Kielland's novels and short stories are mostly naturalistic. Although an important contributor to early romantic nationalism, (especially ''[[Peer Gynt]]''), [[Henrik Ibsen]] is better known for his pioneering realistic dramas such as ''[[The Wild Duck]]'' and ''[[A Doll's House]].'' In the 20th century, three Norwegian novelists were awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]: [[Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson]] in 1903, [[Knut Hamsun]] for the book ''Markens grøde'' ("[[Growth of the Soil]]") in 1920, and [[Sigrid Undset]] (known for ''[[Kristin Lavransdatter]]'') in 1928. === Architecture === {{Main|Architecture of Norway}} [[File:Stave church Urnes - Panorama HDR cropped.jpg|thumb|The [[Urnes Stave Church]] has been listed by [[UNESCO]] as a [[World Heritage Site]].]] [[File:Dalen Hotell IMG 4773.jpg|thumb|[[Dalen Hotel]] in [[Telemark]] built in [[dragestil|Dragon Style]], a style of design architecture that originated during the [[Norwegian romantic nationalism]].]] With expansive forests, Norway has long had a tradition of building in wood. Many of today's most interesting new buildings are made of wood, reflecting the strong appeal that this material continues to hold for Norwegian designers and builders.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.norway.org/aboutnorway/culture/architecture/norwegian/ |title=The evolution of Norwegian architecture |publisher=The official site of Norway |access-date=20 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606075917/http://www.norway.org/aboutnorway/culture/architecture/norwegian/ |archive-date=6 June 2013}}</ref> With Norway's conversion to Christianity, churches were built. Stonework architecture was introduced from Europe for the most important structures, beginning with the construction of [[Nidaros Cathedral]] in [[Trondheim (city)|Trondheim]]. In the early [[Middle Ages]], wooden [[stave church]]es were constructed throughout Norway. Some of them have survived; they represent Norway's most unusual contribution to architectural history. [[Urnes Stave Church]] in inner [[Sognefjord]] is on [[UNESCO]]'s [[World Heritage List]]. Another notable example of wooden architecture is the buildings at [[Bryggen]] Wharf in Bergen, also on the list for World Cultural Heritage sites, consisting of a row of tall, narrow wooden structures along the quayside. In the 17th century, under the Danish monarchy, cities and villages such as [[Kongsberg (town)|Kongsberg]] and [[Røros (town)|Røros]] were established. The city Kongsberg had a church built in the Baroque style. Traditional wooden buildings that were constructed in Røros have survived. After Norway's union with Denmark was dissolved in 1814, Oslo became the capital. The architect [[Christian Heinrich Grosch|Christian H. Grosch]] designed the earliest parts of the [[University of Oslo]], the [[Oslo Stock Exchange]], and many other buildings and churches constructed in that early national period. At the beginning of the 20th century, the city of [[Ålesund (town)|Ålesund]] was rebuilt in the [[Art Nouveau]] style, influenced by styles of France. The 1930s, when functionalism dominated, became a strong period for Norwegian architecture. It is only since the late 20th century that Norwegian architects have achieved international renown. One of the most striking modern buildings in Norway is the [[Sámi Parliament of Norway|Sámi Parliament]] in [[Karasjok (village)|Kárášjohka]], designed by [[Stein Halvorson]] and [[Christian Sundby]]. Its debating chamber, in timber, is an abstract version of a ''[[Lavvu|lavvo]],'' the traditional tent used by the nomadic [[Sámi people]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leslieburgher.co.uk/portfolio/Other/norway.htm |title=Norwegian Architecture |author=Burgher, Leslie |publisher=Leslie Burgher website |access-date=30 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012161831/http://www.leslieburgher.co.uk/portfolio/Other/norway.htm |archive-date=12 October 2010 }}</ref> === Art === {{Main|Norwegian art}} [[File:The Scream.jpg|thumb|[[The Scream]] by [[Edvard Munch]], 1893]] For an extended period, the Norwegian art scene was dominated by artwork from Germany and Holland as well as by the influence of Copenhagen. It was in the 19th century that a truly Norwegian era began, first with portraits, later with impressive landscapes. [[Johan Christian Dahl]], originally from the Dresden school, eventually returned to paint the landscapes of western Norway, defining Norwegian painting for the first time."<ref name="HFG">{{cite book |author= Haverkamp, Frode |title = Hans Fredrik Gude: From National Romanticism to Realism in Landscape |language = no}}</ref> Norway's newly found independence from Denmark encouraged painters to develop their Norwegian identity, especially with landscape painting by artists such as [[Kitty Lange Kielland|Kitty Kielland]], a female painter who studied under [[Hans Gude]], and [[Harriet Backer]], another pioneer among female artists, influenced by [[impressionism]]. [[Frits Thaulow]], an impressionist, was influenced by the art scene in Paris as was [[Christian Krohg]], a realist painter, famous for his paintings of prostitutes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.artcyclopedia.com/nationalities/Norwegian.html |title=Norwegian Artists |publisher=Artcyclopedia.com |access-date=23 July 2011 |archive-date=10 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010160732/http://www.artcyclopedia.com/nationalities/Norwegian.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Of particular note is [[Edvard Munch]], a symbolist/expressionist painter who became world-famous for ''[[The Scream]]'' which is said to represent the anxiety of modern man. Other notable works from Munch includes [[The Sick Child (Munch)|The Sick Child]], [[Madonna (Munch)|Madonna]] and [[Puberty (Munch)|Puberty]]. Other artists of note include [[Harald Sohlberg]], a neo-romantic painter remembered for his paintings of [[Røros (town)|Røros]], and [[Odd Nerdrum]], a figurative painter who maintains that his work is not art, but [[kitsch]]. === Cuisine === {{Main|Norwegian cuisine}} Norway's culinary traditions show the influence of long seafaring and farming traditions, with [[salmon]] (fresh and cured), [[herring]] (pickled or marinated), [[trout]], [[cod]]fish, and other seafood, balanced by cheeses (such as [[brunost]], [[Jarlsberg cheese]], and [[gamalost]]), dairy products, and breads (predominantly dark/darker). [[Lefse]] is a Norwegian potato flatbread, usually topped with large amounts of butter and sugar, most commonly eaten around Christmas. Traditional Norwegian dishes include [[lutefisk]], [[smalahove]], [[pinnekjøtt]], [[raspeball]], and [[fårikål]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.everyculture.com/No-Sa/Norway.html |title=Countries and Their Cultures, Norway |publisher=Everyculture.com |date=4 September 2010 |access-date=23 July 2011 |archive-date=6 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006092754/https://www.everyculture.com/No-Sa/Norway.html/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A Norwegian speciality is rakefisk, which is fermented trout, consumed with thin flatbread and sour cream. The most popular pastry is vaffel. === Sports === {{Update|section|date=March 2025|reason=Lacks info on handball from the late 2010's onward and track and field}} {{See also|List of Norwegian sport governing bodies|Football in Norway}} [[File:Marit Bjørgen Holmenkollen 2011 001.jpg|thumb|Skier [[Marit Bjørgen]] from Norway is the [[List of multiple Winter Olympic medallists|most successful Winter Olympian]] of all time, with 15 medals]] Sports are a central part of Norwegian culture, and popular sports include [[cross-country skiing (sport)|cross-country skiing]], [[ski jumping]], [[mountaineering]], [[hiking]], association football, [[handball]], [[biathlon]], [[Long track speed skating|speed skating]], and, to a lesser degree, [[ice hockey]]. Norway is known internationally for its role in the development of modern winter sports, particularly skiing. From the 19th century Norway also became a premier [[mountaineering]] destination, with books such as [[William Cecil Slingsby]]'s ''[[Norway, the Northern Playground]]'' contributing to the country's popularity among early mountain climbers.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Neate |first1=Jill |title=Mountaineering Literature |date=1986 |publisher=The Mountaineers Books |isbn=0938567047 |page=145}}</ref> Association football is the most popular sport in Norway in terms of active membership. In 2014–2015 polling, football ranked far behind [[biathlon]] and [[cross-country skiing (sport)|cross-country skiing]] in terms of popularity as spectator sports.<ref name=Spopop>{{cite news|url=http://www.dagbladet.no/2015/04/10/sport/langrenn/fotball/norsk_idrett/petter_northug/38629571/|title=Knock-out fra Northug & co.|newspaper=[[Dagbladet]]|date=22 June 2015|access-date=22 June 2015|archive-date=22 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622201025/http://www.dagbladet.no/2015/04/10/sport/langrenn/fotball/norsk_idrett/petter_northug/38629571/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ice hockey]] is the biggest indoor sport.<ref name=NorHall>{{cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/trondelag/stor-interesse-for-ishockey-1.10984731|title=Stor interesse for ishockey|publisher=[[NRK]]|date=13 April 2013|access-date=11 June 2016|archive-date=18 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818013912/https://www.nrk.no/trondelag/stor-interesse-for-ishockey-1.10984731|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Norway women's national handball team|women's handball national team]] has won several titles, including two [[Summer Olympics]] championships ([[Handball at the 2008 Summer Olympics|2008]], [[Handball at the 2012 Summer Olympics|2012]]), three [[World Women's Handball Championship|World Championships]] ([[1999 World Women's Handball Championship|1999]], [[2011 World Women's Handball Championship|2011]], [[2015 World Women's Handball Championship|2015]]), and six [[European Women's Handball Championship|European Championship]] ([[1998 European Women's Handball Championship|1998]], [[2004 European Women's Handball Championship|2004]], [[2006 European Women's Handball Championship|2006]], [[2008 European Women's Handball Championship|2008]], [[2010 European Women's Handball Championship|2010]], [[2014 European Women's Handball Championship|2014]]). In association football, the [[Norway women's national football team|women's national team]] has won the [[FIFA Women's World Cup]] in [[1995 FIFA Women's World Cup|1995]] and the [[Football at the Olympics|Olympic Football Tournament]] in [[Football at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2000]]. The women's team also has two [[UEFA European Women's Championship]] titles ([[1987 European Competition for Women's Football|1987]], [[UEFA Women's Euro 1993|1993]]). The [[Norway national football team|men's national football team]] has participated three times in the [[FIFA World Cup]] ([[1938 FIFA World Cup|1938]], [[1994 FIFA World Cup|1994]], and [[1998 FIFA World Cup|1998]]), and once in the [[UEFA European Football Championship|European Championship]] ([[UEFA Euro 2000|2000]]). The highest FIFA ranking Norway has achieved is second, a position it has held twice, in 1993 and in 1995.<ref name=NorRank>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/fifa-world-ranking/associations/association=nor/men/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219142916/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-world-ranking/associations/association=nor/men/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 February 2015|title=FIFA/Coca-Cola World Ranking|publisher=[[FIFA]]|date=22 June 2015|access-date=22 June 2015}}</ref> Norwegian players in the [[National Football League]] include [[Halvor Hagen]], [[Bill Irgens]], [[Leif Olve Dolonen Larsen]], [[Mike Mock]], and [[Jan Stenerud]].<ref>Grasso, John (2013). ''Historical Dictionary of Football''. Scarecrow Press. 490 pp. {{ISBN|978-0810878570}}.</ref> [[Bandy]] is a traditional sport in Norway and the country is one of the four founders of [[Federation of International Bandy]]. In terms of licensed athletes, it is the second biggest winter sport in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldbandy.com/newspost_7640.html|title=Bandy destined for the Olympic Winter Games!|access-date=4 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017132109/http://www.worldbandy.com/newspost_7640.html|archive-date=17 October 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> As of January 2018, [[Norway national bandy team|the men's national team]] has captured one silver and one bronze, while [[Norway women's national bandy team|the women's national team]] has managed five bronzes at [[Bandy#Overview of international competitions|the World Championships]]. Norway first participated at the [[Olympic Games]] in 1900, and has sent athletes to compete in every Games since then, except for the sparsely attended [[1904 Summer Olympics|1904 Games]] and the [[1980 Summer Olympics]] in Moscow when they participated in the [[1980 Summer Olympics boycott|American-led boycott]]. Norway leads [[All-time Olympic Games medal table|the overall medal tables]] at the [[Winter Olympic Games]] by a considerable margin. Norway has hosted the Games on two occasions: * [[1952 Winter Olympics]] in Oslo * [[1994 Winter Olympics]] in [[Lillehammer]] It also hosted the [[2016 Winter Youth Olympics]] in Lillehammer, making Norway the first country to host both Winter regular and Youth Olympics. Norway featured a women's national team in [[beach volleyball]] that competed at the [[2018–2020 CEV Beach Volleyball Continental Cup]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Continental Cup Finals start in Africa |url=https://www.fivb.com/en/about/news/continental-cup-finals-start-in-africa?id=94414 |access-date=7 August 2021 |work=[[FIVB]] |date=22 June 2021 |archive-date=7 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807141038/https://www.fivb.com/en/about/news/continental-cup-finals-start-in-africa?id=94414 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Chess]] has gained huge popularity in Norway. [[Magnus Carlsen]], a Norwegian, was the [[World Chess Championship|world chess champion]] between 2013 and 2023.<ref name=MagCham>{{cite web|url=http://www.nrk.no/sport/carlsen-er-verdensmester_-_-jeg-er-lykkelig-og-lettet-1.12060026|title=Carlsen er verdensmester – Jeg er lykkelig og lettet|publisher=[[NRK]]|date=22 June 2015|access-date=22 June 2015|archive-date=16 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016014806/http://www.nrk.no/sport/carlsen-er-verdensmester_-_-jeg-er-lykkelig-og-lettet-1.12060026|url-status=live}}</ref> Many of the biggest chess tournaments are broadcast live on national television, with the [[World Rapid Chess Championship|World Rapid]] and [[World Blitz Chess Championship|Blitz Chess Championships]] airing on the country's biggest television channel [[NRK1]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/sport/slik-blir-sjakk-vm-pa-nrk-1.17183434|title=Slik blir sjakk-VM på NRK|date=26 December 2024|accessdate=13 March 2025|lang=nb|publisher=[[NRK]]}}</ref>
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