Editing Neoliberalism (section)

=== Globalization ===
{{see also|Criticisms of globalization}}
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|quote=If you wanted to convince the public that international trade agreements are a way to let multinational companies get rich at the expense of ordinary people, this is what you would do: give foreign firms a special right to apply to a secretive tribunal of highly paid corporate lawyers for compensation whenever a government passes a law to, say, discourage smoking, protect the environment or prevent a nuclear catastrophe. Yet that is precisely what thousands of trade and investment treaties over the past half century have done, through a process known as 'investor-state dispute settlement', or ISDS.<ref name = "Economist ISDS 2014">{{cite web |title=The arbitration game |url=https://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21623756-governments-are-souring-treaties-protect-foreign-investors-arbitration |date=14 October 2014 |website=economist.com |access-date=6 February 2016}}</ref>
|source=—''[[The Economist]]'', October 2014
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Neoliberalism is commonly viewed by scholars as encouraging of [[globalization]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fuchs |first1=Christian |title=Antiglobalization |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/antiglobalization#ref1180923 |publisher=Britannica |access-date=June 28, 2019}}</ref> which is the subject of much [[Anti-globalization movement|criticism]].

The emergence of the "[[precariat]]", a new class facing acute socio-economic insecurity and alienation due to [[offshoring]] and a global [[race to the bottom]], has been attributed to the globalization of neoliberalism.<ref name="Fox OMahony OMahony Hickey 2014 p.25"/>

In a 2022 article for the journal ''[[Global Environmental Change]]'', [[Jason Hickel]] et al. argued that [[unequal exchange]] between the [[Global North and Global South]] in the era of neoliberal globalization led to a quantified $242 trillion in net appropriation of raw materials, energy and labor from the latter to the former (constant 2010 USD) between 1990 and 2015.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hickel |first1=Jason |author1-link=Jason Hickel |last2=Dorninger |first2=Christian |last3=Wieland |first3=Hanspeter |last4=Suwandi |first4=Intan |date=2022 |title=Imperialist appropriation in the world economy: Drain from the global South through unequal exchange, 1990–2015 |url= |journal=[[Global Environmental Change]] |volume=73 |issue=102467 |page=102467 |doi=10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102467 |s2cid=246855421 |access-date= |doi-access=free|bibcode=2022GEC....7302467H }}</ref>

====Economic nationalism====
Some critics of neoliberalism view it as weakening the [[sovereignty]] of nations in favor of [[cosmopolitanism]] and [[globalization]]. Neoliberalism favors immigration, in contrast to [[right-wing populism|right-wing populist]] political parties that [[opposition to immigration|oppose immigration]].<ref name="Mylonas">{{cite journal |last1=Mylonas |first1=Harris |last2=Tudor |first2=Maya |title=Nationalism: What We Know and What We Still Need to Know |journal=Annual Review of Political Science |date=11 May 2021 |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=109–132|doi-access=free |doi=10.1146/annurev-polisci-041719-101841 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Gilpin|first=Robert|url=https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691022628/the-political-economy-of-international-relations|title=The Political Economy of International Relations|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1987|isbn=978-0-691-02262-8|pages=31–34|language=en}}</ref>

Neoliberalism also favors [[investor–state dispute settlement]] in free trade agreements, which has been criticized as violating [[sovereign immunity]] and the capacity of governments to implement reforms and legislative programs related to [[public health]], [[environmental protection]], and [[human rights]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Titi |first=Catharine |title=The Right to Regulate in International Investment Law |publisher=Nomos and Hart |year=2014 |isbn=9781849466110}}</ref><ref>Dupuy, P.M., Petersmann, E.U., Francioni, F., eds. (February 2010). "Human Rights in International Investment Law and Arbitration", Oxford Scholarship Online. {{ISBN|978-0-19-957818-4}} {{doi|10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199578184.001.0001}}</ref>