Editing Manchu language (section)

===== Nominalization =====
Both participles and verbs in the perfect or imperfect form can be [[Nominalization|nominalized]] with the suffix ''-ngge.'' These nominalized forms can express either the abstract notion of an action, the object of an action or the subject of an action:<ref>Gorelova 2002, 263; Haenisch 1986, 54; Möllendorff 1892, 9.</ref> ''arahangge'', ''ararangge'' "writing", "something written", "someone writing".

Negated forms can be nominalized like this as well: ''akdarakūngge'' "distrust", "one who does not trust".

Direct speech and quotes are often introduced with nominalized forms like ''alarangge'' "tell, narrate", ''hendurengge'' "speak", ''serengge'' "say", ''fonjirengge'' "ask" or ''wesimburengge'' "relate, report", for example:
{{interlinear
| indent = 4|yuan fai i sargan jui hendu-re-nge tere ahūn deo hadan niyalma gemu hūsun amba niyalma|Yuan Fai GEN female child speak-IMPERF.PTCP-NOMI that elder.brother younger.brother seven man all power big man|"This is what Yuan Fai’s daughter says: all those seven brothers are
powerful and big men;"
}}
Participles can also be nominalized with ''ba'' "place, circumstance, thing": e.g. ''sere ba'' "what is said", "speech", ''afabu ha ba bi'' "there is an order" (lit."A thing which has been ordered exists").<ref>Gorelova 2002, 266.</ref>