Editing Louis XV (section)

===Illegitimate issue===
Louis XV had several illegitimate children, although the exact number is unknown. Historiography suggest the following as possible issue of the King:

* With [[Pauline Félicité de Mailly]] (1712 – 9 September 1741), by marriage ''marquise de Vintimille''. She died after giving birth to a son:
** [[Charles de Vintimille|Charles Emmanuel Marie Magdelon de Vintimille]] (Versailles, 2 September 1741 – Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 24 February 1814), ''marquis du Luc''. Recognized by his mother's husband, although was highly probable that his biological father was Louis XV, especially in adulthood, when he was called ''Demi-Louis'' ("Small Louis") for his exceptional resemblance with the King. He was appointed ''[[Maréchal de camp]]'' and Governor of [[Porquerolles]]. Married to Adélaïde de Castellane on 26 November 1764, he fathered three children.
* With Jeanne Perray:
** [[Amélie Florimond de Norville]] (Saint-Eustache, Paris, 11 January 1753 – 27 September 1790). Registered one day after her birth (12 January 1753) as a daughter of a certain bourgeois from Paris, called ''Louis Florimond de Norville'', a non-existent person; the paternity of the King is suggested by later evidence.{{Efn|In front of the notary Mr. Arnoult, on 12 January 1772 was granted to Amélie de Norville a pension of 2,000 livres.<ref>Aux Archives nationales, études XIV, 408, et XXXV, 728</ref> In her marriage contract dated 30 June 1780 was accorded a pension of 3,000 livres from the Royal Treasure to Amélie and her future children. After the Bourbon Restoration, this decision was confirmed on 4 December 1815.<ref>Courcelles, Histoires généalogiques des Pairs de France, vol. 5, p. 52</ref>}} Married to Ange de Faure (1739–1824) on 1 June 1780, with whom she had two children.
* With [[Marie-Louise O'Murphy]] (21 October 1737 – 11 December 1814), an Irish adventuress:
** Agathe Louise de Saint-Antoine de Saint-André (Paris, 20 May 1754 – Paris, 6 September 1774). The first illegitimate child of the King whose parentage was certain, but she was never officially recognized; in fact, she was registered as a daughter of a ''Louis de Saint-André, Old official of infantry and Louise-Marie de Berhini, resident of Saint-Antoine street'', non-existent persons. In November 1773 she received from the King her letters of Official Recognition of Nobility (which enabled her to marry a nobleman), and funds of 223,000 livres. One month later, on 27 December 1773, she married René Jean de La Tour-du-Pin, marquis de la Charce, and died after only nine months of marriage as a consequence of a miscarriage.<ref>[http://www.histoire-et-secrets.com/articles.php?lng=fr&pg=1225 ''Les enfants naturels de Louis XV – 02. Agathe-Louise de Saint-Antoine de Saint-André'' in: histoire-et-secrets.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206002640/http://www.histoire-et-secrets.com/articles.php?lng=fr&pg=1225 |date=6 February 2018 }} [retrieved 9 March 2013].</ref>
** Marguerite Victoire Le Normant de Flaghac (Riom, Puy-de-Dôme, 5 January 1768 – 25 January 1830).<ref>[http://archives.paris.fr/arkotheque/visionneuse/visionneuse.php?arko=YTo2OntzOjQ6ImRhdGUiO3M6MTA6IjIwMjAtMTAtMzEiO3M6MTA6InR5cGVfZm9uZHMiO3M6MTE6ImFya29fc2VyaWVsIjtzOjQ6InJlZjEiO2k6NTtzOjQ6InJlZjIiO2k6MzY4MzY7czoxNjoidmlzaW9ubmV1c2VfaHRtbCI7YjoxO3M6MjE6InZpc2lvbm5ldXNlX2h0bWxfbW9kZSI7czo0OiJwcm9kIjt9#uielem_move=0%2C0&uielem_islocked=0&uielem_zoom=31&uielem_brightness=0&uielem_contrast=0&uielem_isinverted=0&uielem_rotate=F Paris, État civil reconstitué, vue 13/51.]</ref> Officially recognized by her mother's second husband, she was probably also an illegitimate child of the King.{{efn|Authors like Camille Pascal, identify Marguerite Victoire as a daughter of Louis XV; the connection between the King and Marie-Louise O'Murphy having very probably known new episodes, in particular during March 1767. This paternity of Louis XV is supported by three facts: 
*The King gave Marie-Louise O'Murphy the sum of 350,000 livres between 1771 and 1772 (Marguerite, then a three-years-old child, surpassed the dangerous first year of infancy, and Louis XV probably wanted to protect the mother of his child).{{sfn|Pascal|2006|pp=194–196}}  
*When Marguerite married firstly in 1786, the contract was entered into in the presence and with the approval of the King and Queen, and the entire royal family. This contract bears the signatures of [[Louis XVI]], [[Marie-Antoinette]], the [[Louis XVIII|Count]] and [[Marie Joséphine of Savoy|Countess of Provence]], the [[Charles X of France|Count]] and [[Maria Theresa of Savoy|Countess of Artois]] and [[Élisabeth of France|Madame Elizabeth]].{{sfn|Pascal|2006|pp=196–197}}
*After the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]], King Charles X gave Marguerite an "annual indemnity" of 2,000 francs from his own treasure and had her entered on the [[Civil List]] for a life pension of 3,000 francs.{{sfn|Pascal|2006|pp=197–198}}}} Married firstly on 24 February 1786 to Jean-Didier Mesnard, comte de Chousy, with whom she had two children; after her divorce following the incarceration of her husband in 1793, she then married Constant Lenormant d'Étiolles (a son of the husband of [[Madame de Pompadour]]) in November 1794, with whom she had another child.
* With [[Françoise de Châlus]] (24 February 1734 – 7 July 1821), by marriage Duchesse de Narbonne-Lara:{{Efn|Both children are officially recognized by their mother's husband, although it is alleged that the King himself was the real father. The coevals attribute the paternity of both children to Louis XV for, according to documents from the Military Archive, Françoise de Châlus' husband had been wounded in the [[War of the Austrian Succession]] (1747) becoming from that moment unable to have any offspring. The [[baptism]] record of Louis, Comte de Narbonne-Lara is another indication of that paternity: "''On 25 of August 1755, received the baptism at the Chapel of the King, from the Very High and Very Powerful Lord, Monseigneur [[Charles-Antoine de La Roche-Aymon]], [[Archbishop of Narbonne|Archbishop-Primate of Narbonne]], [[President (legislature)|President]] of the [[Estates General (France)|States-Generals]] of the [[Province]] of [[Languedoc]], [[Commander#Military and chivalric orders|Commander]] of the [[Order of the Holy Spirit]]. The [[wiktionary:godfather|Godfather]] was the Most High and Most powerful [[Louis XVI|Prince Louis Auguste of France, Duke of Berry]], and the [[wiktionary:godmother|Godmother]] the Most High and Most Powerful Princess Madame [[Princess Marie Adélaïde of France|Marie Adélaïde of France]].''" His wife had become the King's [[Mistress (lover)|mistress]]. Not only was it noted that he was named Louis but also his contemporaries remarked on the similarities between the young Louis and the King.}}
** Philippe Louis Marie Innocent Christophe Juste de Narbonne-Lara (Parma, 28 December 1750 – Paris, 10 May 1834), Duc de Narbonne-Lara. Captain of the Dragons Regiment of the Queen, Colonel of the Regiment of Forez and Field Marshal in 1790. Married on 3 February 1771 to Antoinette-Françoise-Claudine de La Roche-Aymon. No issue.
** [[Louis, comte de Narbonne-Lara|Louis Marie Jacques Amalric de Narbonne-Lara]] ([[Colorno]], 23 August 1755 – [[Torgau]], 17 November 1813), called Comte de Narbonne-Lara. Colonel of the Army and Honorary Chamberlain of Princess Madame Marie Adélaïde of France. In 1786 he was appointed a commander of an infantry regiment and remained in that post until the eve of the French Revolution and later served under [[Napoleon]]. Married on 16 April 1782 to Marie Adélaïde de Montholon, with whom he had two daughters. He also fathered two other children out of wedlock.
* With [[Marguerite Catherine Haynault]] (11 September 1736 – 17 March 1823):
** Agnès Louise de Montreuil (Saint-Sulpice, Paris, 20 May 1760 – Montmelas, 2 September 1837). Registered as a daughter of a certain ''Louis de Montreuil, old Official of cavalry'', a non-existent person, the paternity of the King is supported by other evidence.{{Efn|In August 1774 King [[Louis XVI]] granted her letters of Official Recognition of Nobility, and previously Louis XV secured for her capital of 223,000 livres and reported an annual revenue of 24,300 livres. In addition, Louis XVI personally signed her marriage contract.}} Married on 9 December 1778 to Gaspard d'Arod de Montmelas (brother-in-law of her own mother), with whom she had four children.
** Anne Louise de La Réale (Saint-Paul, Paris, 17 November 1762 – Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 30 April 1831). Registered as a daughter of ''Antoine Louis de la Réale, old Captain of cavalry'', a non-existent person, the paternity of the King is supported by further evidence.{{Efn|In August 1774 King Louis XVI granted her letters of Official Recognition of Nobility, identical to her sister. She also received from Louis XV capital of 223,000 livres and reported annual revenue of 24,300 livres. In addition, at the age of fifteen (1777), she received the further amount of 12,000 livres as a renewed pension.}} Married on 28 August 1780 to René Guillaume Paul Gabriel Etienne de Geslin, Comte de Geslin, with whom she had six children.
* With [[Lucie Madeleine d'Estaing]] (10 May 1743 – 7 April 1826), a half-sister of the [[Charles Hector, comte d'Estaing|Admiral d'Estaing]]:{{Efn|Both children were registered as daughters of ''Louis Auguste, Old Official, and citizen Lucie'', both non-existent persons. In August 1774 Agnès and Aphrodite received from Louis XVI their letters of recognition of nobility (''demoiselles issue de la plus ancienne noblesse de France'') and following the stipulations leave by Louis XV, each of them obtained a capital of 223,000 livres and a reported annual revenue of 24,300 livres.}}
** Agnès Lucie Auguste (Paris, 14 April 1761 – Boysseulh, 4 July 1822). Married on 5 December 1777 to Charles de Boysseulh, vicomte de Boysseuilh, with whom she had three children.
** Aphrodite Lucie Auguste (Versailles, 8 March 1763 – Artonne (Puy-de-Dôme), 22 February 1819). Married on 21 December 1784 to Jules de Boysseulh (her step-brother; son of the first marriage of her mother's husband), with whom she had one daughter.
* With [[Anne Coppier de Romans]] (19 June 1737 – 27 December 1808), Baroness de Meilly-Coulonge:
** Louis Aimé of Bourbon (Passy, Paris, 13 January 1762 – Rome, 28 February 1787), called the ''Abbot of Bourbon''; he was the only one of the illegitimate children of Louis XV who was officially recognized.<ref>Evelyne Lever: ''Le crépuscule des rois – chronique 1757–1789'', Fayard 2013, p. 68.</ref> Abbot of Saint Vincent de Metz, French Ambassador in Rome from 1785. He died of [[smallpox]].
* With [[Jeanne Louise Tiercelin de La Colleterie]] (26 November 1746 – 5 July 1779), called ''Madame de Bonneval'':
** Benoît Louis Le Duc (7 February 1764 – 1837). Registered as a son of ''Louis Le Duc, old cavalry official and lady Julie de la Colleterie'', both non-existent persons; his royal parentage was supported by later evidence.{{Efn|Louis XV secured for him capital of 223,000 livres who reported an annual revenue of 24,300 livres. In August 1774 Louis XVI signed a letter of Official Recognition of Nobility for him (identical to the other illegitimate children of Louis XV). In 1785 (when he took the Holy Orders) he received a dispensation from the Pope because of his illegitimate origin. After the Bourbon Restoration, Louis XVIII accorded him a pension of 6,000 francs from the Civil List, which was augmented to 20,000 francs in May 1821. [[Charles X of France|Charles X]] (with whom he had an extraordinary physical resemblance) not only maintained his pensions but also paid his exorbitant gambling debts. In 1830 he solicited King Louis-Philippe I to secure his pensions, which the King granted.}}
* With [[Marie Thérèse Françoise Boisselet]] (1731 – 1800):
** {{Ill|Charles Louis Cadet de Gassicourt|fr}} (23 January 1769 – 21 November 1821). Officially recognized by her mother's husband, [[:fr:Louis Claude Cadet de Gassicourt|Louis Claude Cadet de Gassicourt]] as his own; this story, recorded by Charles Louis' personal friend, Baron [[Paul Thiébault]] in his ''Memoirs'',<ref>''Mémoires du general-baron Thiebault'' (in French). Réédition de Fernand Calmettes, 1895, p. 371.</ref> was challenged by later historiography, but later reasserted by modern works.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vrignault |first=Henri |title=Les enfants de Louis XV : descendance illégitime |publisher=éditions Perrin |date=1950 |location=Paris |page=133 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Flahaut |first=Simone |title=Le pharmacien Charles-Louis Cadet de Gassicourt, bâtard de Louis XV, et sa famille |publisher=Société d'histoire de la pharmacie |date=1980 |location=Paris |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Flahaut |first=Jean |title=Charles-Louis Cadet de Gassicourt, bâtard royal, pharmacien de l'Empereur |publisher=Teissèdre |date=2002 |location=Paris |language=fr}}</ref>