Editing Jawaharlal Nehru (section)

==== China ====
[[File:Prime Minister Nehru and Chinese Chairman Mao Zedong in Beijing.jpg|thumb|alt=Photograph of Nehru with Mao Zedong |Nehru and [[Mao Zedong]] in Beijing, China, October 1954]]
In 1954, Nehru signed with China the [[Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence]], known in India as the Panchsheel (from the Sanskrit words, ''panch'': five,'' sheel'': virtues), a set of principles to govern relations between the two states. Their first formal codification in treaty form was in an agreement between China and India in 1954, which recognised Chinese sovereignty over [[Tibet]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MUeyUhVGIDMC&pg=PA1 |title=Jawaharlal Nehru, a Biography |last=Sankar Ghose |publisher=Allied Publishers |year=1993 |isbn=978-81-7023-369-5 |pages=266–268}}</ref> They were enunciated in the preamble to the "Agreement (with the exchange of notes) on Trade and Intercourse between Tibet Region of China and India", which was signed at Peking on 29&nbsp;April 1954. Negotiations took place in Delhi from December 1953 to April 1954 between the Delegation of the [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC) Government and the Delegation of the Indian Government on the relations between the two countries regarding the disputed territories of [[Aksai Chin]] and South Tibet. By 1957, Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai had also persuaded Nehru to accept the Chinese position on Tibet, thus depriving Tibet of a possible ally, and of the possibility of receiving military aid from India.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Li |first1=Jianglin |last2=Wilf |first2=Susan |title=Tibet in agony : Lhasa 1959 |year=2016 |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |pages=40–41 |isbn=978-0-674-08889-4 |oclc=946579956}}</ref> The treaty was disregarded in the 1960s, but in the 1970s, the Five Principles again came to be seen as important in [[China–India relations]], and more generally as norms of relations between states. They became widely recognised and accepted throughout the region during the premiership of Indira Gandhi and the three-year rule of the [[Janata Party]] (1977–1980).<ref>The full text of this agreement (which entered into force on 3 June 1954): {{Cite web |url=http://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/unts/volume%20299/v299.pdf |title=Treaties and international agreements registered or filed and recorded with the Secretariat of the United Nations |year=1958 |website=[[United Nations Treaty Series]] |publisher=United Nations |location=New York |pages=57–81 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327031415/http://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/unts/volume%20299/v299.pdf |archive-date=27 March 2012 |access-date=14 August 2012 |volume=299}}</ref> Although the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence were the basis of the 1954 Sino-Indian border treaty, in later years, Nehru's foreign policy suffered from increasing Chinese assertiveness over border disputes and his decision to grant [[Right of asylum|asylum]] to the [[14th Dalai Lama]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/9x8RPd562DusWqVQQ91NfN/Nehrus-India.html |title=Nehru's India |date=23 May 2014 |access-date=15 August 2021 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |archive-date=12 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212075501/https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/9x8RPd562DusWqVQQ91NfN/Nehrus-India.html |url-status=live }}</ref>