Editing Holy Roman Empire (section)

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist|27em|refs=
<ref name="Gascoigne">{{Cite web|last=Gascoigne|first=Bamber|title=History of the Holy Roman Empire|url=http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories.asp?historyid=aa35|website=HistoryWorld}}</ref>
<ref name="isites">{{Citation|last1=Puga|first1=Diego|title=International trade and institutional change: A death in Venice|url=http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic599385.files/venice_seminar_MIT_R1a.pdf|work=Venice Seminar MIT|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903230511/http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic599385.files/venice_seminar_MIT_R1a.pdf|archive-date=2015-09-03|last2=Trefler|first2=Daniel}}</ref>
<ref name="EB.HRE">{{Cite web|title=Holy Roman Empire|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/269851/Holy-Roman-Empire|access-date=15 February 2014|website=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}</ref>
<ref name="EB.Silesia">{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Silesia|volume=25}}</ref>
<ref name="EB.Pippin">{{Cite web|date=16 May 2023|title=France: History, Map, Flag, Capital, & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/France|website=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}</ref>
<ref name="reichskammergericht.de">{{Cite web|date=4 July 2015|title=Society for Imperial Chamber Court Research, Wetzlar|url=https://grkg.wordpress.com/english-information|access-date=2021-09-07|website=Museum and Research Center for the Imperial Chamber Court (Reichskammergericht)}}</ref>
<ref name="Thelocalgermancapitals">{{Cite web|date=18 August 2016|title=Seven German cities you never knew were once capitals|url=https://www.thelocal.de/20160818/seven-german-cities-you-never-knew-were-once-capitals|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620060523/https://www.thelocal.de/20160818/seven-german-cities-you-never-knew-were-once-capitals|archive-date=20 June 2019|access-date=20 June 2019|website=[[The Local]]}}</ref>

}}

=== Sources ===
{{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
* {{Cite book|last=Angermeier|first=Heinz|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YaIfAAAAMAAJ|title=Die Reichsreform 1410–1555: die Staatsproblematik in Deutschland zwischen Mittelalter und Gegenwart|date=1984|publisher=C.H. Beck|isbn=978-3-4063-0278-7|language=de}}
* {{Cite book|last=Arnold|first=Benjamin|title=The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 4: c. 1024–c. 1198, Part 2|date=1995|isbn=978-0-5214-1411-1|editor-last=Luscombe|editor-first=David|volume=4|chapter=14 The Western Empire 1125–1197|doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521414111.016|editor-last2=Riley-Smith|editor-first2=Jonathan}}
* {{Cite book|last=Avakov|first=Alexander V.|title=Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics|date=2015|publisher=Algora|volume=1|location=New York}}
* {{Cite EB1911|last=Barker|first=Ernest|wstitle=Imperial Chamber|volume=14|pages=341–342}}
* {{Cite book|last=Barraclough|first=Geoffrey|title=The Origins of Modern Germany|date=1984|publisher=W. W. Norton & Co. Inc|isbn=978-0-3933-0153-3|location=New York}}
* {{Cite book|last=Benecke|first=G.|title=Society and Politics in Germany, 1500–1750|date=1974|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Berenger|first1=Jean|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rWQSBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA121|title=A History of the Habsburg Empire 1273–1700|last2=Simpson|first2=C.A.|date=2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-3178-9570-1|pages=120, 121|access-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005091522/https://books.google.com/books?id=rWQSBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA121|archive-date=5 October 2021|url-status=live}}
* {{Cite book|last=Brady|first=Thomas A. Jr.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5OcgAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA105|title=German Histories in the Age of Reformations, 1400–1650|date=2009|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-1394-8115-1|pages=104–106, 116|language=en|access-date=5 February 2022}}
* {{Cite book|last=Breverton|first=Terry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bQ4yAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP36|title=Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About the Tudors but Were Afraid to Ask|date=2014|publisher=[[Amberley Publishing]]|isbn=978-1-4456-3845-4|author-link=Terry Breverton}}
* {{Cite book|last=Brockmann|first=Stephen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QnBVEg8t4TcC&pg=PA15|title=Nuremberg: The imaginary capital|date=2006|publisher=Camden House|isbn=978-1-5711-3345-8|location=Rochester, NY}}
* {{Cite book|last=Bryce|first=James|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O8cQAAAAYAAJ|title=The Holy Roman Empire|date=1890|publisher=Macmillan|author-link=James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce}}
* {{Cite book|last=Cantor|first=Norman F.|title=The Civilization of the Middle Ages|date=1993|publisher=Harper Perennial|isbn=978-0-0609-2553-6|author-link=Norman Cantor}}
* {{Cite book|last=Cipolla|first=Carlo M.|title=Fighting the Plague in Seventeenth Century Italy|date=1981|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|location=Madison}}
* {{Cite thesis|last=Claus|first=Edda|title=The Rebirth of a Communications Network: Europe at the Time of the Carolingians|date=1997|degree=M.Sc|hdl=1866/803}}
* {{Cite book|last=Collins|first=Paul|title=The Birth of the West: Rome, Germany, France, and the Creation of Europe in the Tenth Century|date=2014|publisher=PublicAffairs|isbn=978-1-6103-9368-3|ol=28037381M}}
* {{Cite book|last=Curtis|first=Benjamin|title=The Habsburgs: The History of a Dynasty|date=2013|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury]]|page=36}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Corvisier|first1=André|title=A dictionary of military history and the art of war|last2=Childs|first2=John|date=1994}}
* {{Cite book|last=Davies|first=Norman|title=A History of Europe|date=1996|publisher=Oxford}}
* {{Cite book|last=de Las Cases|first=E.A.D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qHE_AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA201|title=Journal of the Private Life and Conversations of the Emperor Napoleon at Saint Helena|date=1824|publisher=H. Colburn|volume=3}}
* {{Cite book|last=Duffy|first=Eamon|title=Saints & Sinners: A History of the Popes|date=1997|publisher=Yale University Press|author-link=Eamon Duffy}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Ehlers|first1=Caspar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hYqpDQAAQBAJ&pg=PR31|title=Die deutschen Königspfalzen|last2=Flachenecker|first2=Helmut|last3=Päffgen|first3=Bernd|last4=Schieffer|first4=Rudolf|date=2016|publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht|isbn=978-3-6473-6523-7|volume=Band 5: Bayern: Teilband 3: Bayerisch-Schwaben}}
* {{Cite book|last=Erbe|first=Michael|title=Die Habsburger 1493–1918|date=2000|publisher=[[Kohlhammer Verlag]]|isbn=3-1701-1866-8|location=[[Stuttgart]]|chapter=Urban}}
* {{Cite book|last=Evans|first=Robert J. W.|title=Austria, Hungary, and the Habsburgs: Central Europe c. 1683–1867|date=2006|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-1992-8144-2|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Hf3EJYZcpqYC&pg=PA82 82]|author-link=R. J. W. Evans|language=en}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Holy Roman Empire, 1495–1806|date=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-1996-0297-1|editor-last=Evans|editor-first=Robert J. W.|location=US|editor-last2=Schaich|editor-first2=Michael|editor-last3=Wilson|editor-first3=Peter H.|editor-link=R. J. W. Evans|editor-link3=Peter H. Wilson}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Holy Roman Empire, 1495–1806: A European Perspective|date=2012|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-9-0042-0683-0|ol=25270288M|editor-last=Evans|editor-first=Robert J. W.|language=en|editor-last2=Wilson|editor-first2=Peter|editor-link=R. J. W. Evans|editor-link2=Peter H. Wilson}}
* {{Cite book|last=Flood|first=John|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B1ujbUq3NOcC&pg=PR118 cxvii]|title=Poets Laureate in the Holy Roman Empire: A Bio-bibliographical Handbook|date=2011|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-1109-1274-6}}
* {{Cite book|last=Fried|first=Johannes|title=Charlemagne|date=2016|publisher=Harvard University Press|author-link=Johannes Fried}}
* {{Cite book|last=Gagliardo|first=John H.|title=Reich and Nation. The Holy Roman Empire as Idea and Reality, 1763–1806|date=1980|publisher=Indiana University Press}}
* {{Cite book|last=Garipzanov|first=Ildar H.|title=The Symbolic Language of Authority in the Carolingian World (c. 751–877)|date=2008|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden}}
* {{Cite book|last=Gross|first=Lothar|title=Die Geschichte der deutschen Reichshofkanzlei von 1559 bis 1806|year=1933|location=Wien|publisher=Staatsarchiv|url=https://library.hungaricana.hu/en/view/Inventare_05-01}}
* {{Cite book|last=Gumpelzhaimer|first=H.S.G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7k6wZwEACAAJ|title=Reichs Matrikel aller Kreise: nebst Usual-Matrikeln des Kaiserlichen und ReichsKammergerichts, mit beygefügten Veränderungen|date=1796|location=Ulm|language=de}}
* {{Cite book|last=Haffner|first=S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KI-pDwAAQBAJ|title=The Rise and Fall of Prussia|date=2019|publisher=Plunkett Lake}}
* {{Cite book|last=Hanlon|first=Gregory|title=The Hero of Italy: Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma, his Soldiers, and his Subjects in the Thirty Years' War|date=2014|publisher=Routledge}}
* {{Cite book|last=Hardy|first=D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xh1rDwAAQBAJ|title=Associative Political Culture in the Holy Roman Empire: Upper Germany, 1346–1521|date=2018|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-1925-6217-3|series=Oxford Historical Monographs}}
* {{Harvc|last=Härter|first=Karl|c=The Permanent Imperial Diet in European Context, 1663–1806|in1=Evans|in2=Schaich|in3=Wilson|year=2011}}
* {{Cite book|last=Herrmann|first=Joachim|title=Die Slawen in Deutschland|date=1970|publisher=Akademie-Verlag GmbH|location=Berlin|language=de}}
* {{Cite book|last=Hirschi|first=Caspar|title=Wettkampf der Nationen|date=2005|publisher=Wallstein Verlag|location=[[Göttingen]]}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Hochedlinger|first1=Michael|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Y6dDwAAQBAJ|title=Verwaltungsgeschichte der Habsburgermonarchie in der Frühen Neuzeit|last2=Mata|first2=Petr|last3=Winkelbauer|first3=Thomas|date=2019|publisher=Böhlau Verlag|isbn=978-3-2052-3246-9|volume=Band 1: Hof und Dynastie, Kaiser und Reich, Zentralverwaltungen, Kriegswesen und landesfürstliches Finanzwesen|location=Vienna}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia|title=Emperor Maximilian I and the Age of Durer|publisher=Prestel; Albertina|url=https://bilder.buecher.de/zusatz/35/35713/35713397_lese_1.pdf|access-date=2 December 2021|last=Holleger|first=Manfred|date=2012|editor-last=Michel|editor-first=Eva|pages=32–33|isbn=978-3-7913-5172-8|editor-last2=Sternat|editor-first2=Maria Luise|contribution=Personality and reign The biography of Emperor Maximilian I}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Hoyt|first1=Robert S.|title=Europe in the Middle Ages|last2=Chodorow|first2=Stanley|date=1976|publisher=Harcourt brace Jovanovich}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Hunyadi|first1=Zsolt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1m4fbJyQ4pkC&pg=PA129|title=The Crusades and the Military Orders: Expanding the Frontiers of Medieval Latin Christianity|last2=Laszlovszky|first2=József|date=2001|publisher=Central European University Press|isbn=978-9-6392-4142-8}}
* {{Cite book|last=Innes|first=Matthew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CtUueBIMm-cC&pg=PA167|title=State and Society in the Early Middle Ages: The Middle Rhine Valley, 400–1000|date=2000|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-1394-2558-2}}
* {{Cite book|last=Johnson|first=Lonnie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e_m13Hk3AFEC&pg=PA23|title=Central Europe: Enemies, Neighbors, Friends|date=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-1980-2607-5}}
* {{Citation|last1=Jorio|first1=Marco|title=Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (HLS)|date=25 April 2016|access-date=2021-09-07|chapter=Heiliges Römisches Reich|chapter-url=https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/006626/2016-04-25|last2=Braun|first2=Bettina}}
* {{Cite book|last=Kleinhenz|first=Christopher|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E2CTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA810|title=Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia|date=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-1359-4880-1}}
* {{Cite book|last=Kohn|first=George C.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OIzreCGlHxIC&pg=PT125|title=Dictionary of Wars|date=2006|publisher=Infobase|isbn=978-1-4381-2916-7}}
* {{Cite book|last=Kurian|first=George Thomas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dk4G-52QT-8C&pg=PA587|title=The Encyclopedia of Christian Literature|date=2010|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7283-7}}
* {{Cite book|last=Lauryssens|first=Stan|title=The Man Who Invented the Third Reich: The Life and Times of Arthur Moeller van den Bruck|date=1999|publisher=Sutton|isbn=978-0-7509-1866-4|location=Stroud|author-link=Stan Lauryssens}}
* {{Cite book|last=Legauy|first=Jean Pierre|title=The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 6, c. 1300–c.1415|date=1995|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-5213-6290-0|editor-last=Jones|editor-first=Michael C. E.|volume=6|chapter=6. Urban Life|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LOS1c0w91AcC&pg=PA104}}
* {{Cite book|last=Magill|first=Frank|title=Dictionary of World Biography|date=1998|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn|volume=II|location=London}}
* {{Cite book|last=Malettke|first=Klaus|title=Les relations entre la France et le Saint-Empire au XVIIe siècle|date=2001|publisher=Honoré Champion|location=Paris|language=fr}}
* {{Cite book|last=McBrien|first=Richard P.|title=Lives of the Popes: The Pontiffs from St. Peter to Benedict XVI|date=2000|publisher=HarperCollins}}
* {{Cite book|last=McKitterick|first=R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iiapDwAAQBAJ|title=The Frankish Kingdoms Under the Carolingians 751–987|date=2018|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-3178-7248-1}}
* {{Cite book|last=Moraw|first=Peter|title=Lexikon des Mittelalters|title-link=Lexikon des Mittelalters|date=1999|publisher=Artemis|volume=4|location=Munich & Zürich|chapter=Heiliges Reich|orig-date=1977}}
* {{Cite book|last=Mullett|first=Michael|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gC8O9GI9JX0C&pg=PA81|title=Historical Dictionary of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation|date=2010|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7393-3}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Parker|first=Geoffrey|date=2008|title=Crisis and catastrophe: The global crisis of the seventeenth century reconsidered|journal=American Historical Review|volume=113|issue=4|pages=1053–1079|doi=10.1086/ahr.113.4.1053|doi-access=free}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Pavlac|first1=Brian A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=arSYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA143|title=The Holy Roman Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]|last2=Lott|first2=Elizabeth S.|date=2019|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-4408-4856-8|page=143|access-date=21 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921005755/https://books.google.com/books?id=arSYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA143|archive-date=21 September 2021|url-status=live}}
* {{Cite web|last=Rothbard|first=Murray N.|date=23 November 2009|title=The Great Depression of the 14th Century|url=https://mises.org/library/great-depression-14th-century|access-date=14 March 2019|publisher=Mises Institute}}
* {{Cite book|last=Rothstein|first=Stanley William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g0W8-Xsg_ssC&pg=PA9|title=Class, Culture, and Race in American Schools: A Handbook|date=1995|publisher=Greenwood|isbn=978-0-3132-9102-9}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Schindling|first=Anton|author-link=Anton Schindling|date=1986|title=The Development of the Eternal Diet in Regensburg|journal=The Journal of Modern History|volume=58|pages=64–75|doi=10.1086/243149|s2cid=144471373}}
* {{Cite book|last=Schulze|first=Hans K.|title=Grundstrukturen der Verfassung im Mittelalter|date=1998|publisher=[[Kohlhammer Verlag]]|volume=Bd. 3 (''Kaiser und Reich'')|location=Stuttgart|language=de|trans-title=Basic structures of the constitution in the Middle Ages}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Smail|first1=Daniel Lord|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YvEIPYhxqi4C&pg=PA156|title=Vengeance in Medieval Europe: A Reader|last2=Gibson|first2=Kelly|date=2009|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4426-0126-0|page=156}}
* {{Cite wikisource|last=Sladen|first=Douglas Brooke Wheelton|wslink=How to See the Vatican|date=1914|title=How to See the Vatican}}
* {{Cite book|last=Smith|first=Preserved|title=The Social Background of the Reformation|date=1920|publisher=Collier}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Szepesi|first=Istvan|date=2015|title=Reflecting the Nation: The Historiography of Hanseatic Institutions|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234014024.pdf|url-status=dead|journal=Waterloo Historical Review|volume=7|doi=10.15353/whr.v7.33|s2cid=148667574|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017091016/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234014024.pdf|archive-date=17 October 2021|access-date=7 September 2021}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Taagepera|first=Rein|author-link=Rein Taagepera|date=September 1997|title=Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia|url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt3cn68807/qt3cn68807.pdf|journal=[[International Studies Quarterly]]|volume=41|issue=3|page=494|doi=10.1111/0020-8833.00053|jstor=2600793}}
* {{Cite book|last=Tellier|first=Luc-Normand|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cXuCjDbxC1YC&pg=PA290|title=Urban World History: An Economic and Geographical Perspective|date=2009|isbn=978-2-7605-2209-1}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Taylor|first1=Bayard|title=A history of Germany from the earliest times to the present day|last2=Hansen-Taylor|first2=Marie|date=1894|publisher=D. Appleton & Co.|location=New York|page=117}}
* {{Cite book|last=Voltaire|title=Essais sur les mœurs et l'ésprit des nations|date=1773|edition=nouvelle|volume=3|location=Neuchâtel|page=338|chapter=Chapitre LXX|oclc=797016561|quote=''Ce corps qui s'appelait, & qui s'appelle encore, le Saint-Empire Romain, n'était en aucune manière, ni saint, ni romain, ni empire''|author-link=Voltaire|orig-date=1756|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/essaissurlesmoeu03volt/page/338|language=fr}}
* {{Cite book|last=Whaley|first=Joachim|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ax6DCgAAQBAJ|title=Germany and the Holy Roman Empire: Volume II: The Peace of Westphalia to the Dissolution of the Reich, 1648–1806|date= 2011|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-1916-2822-1|language=en|access-date=5 February 2022}}
* {{Cite book|last=Whaley|first=Joachim|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UiFWYsG-t7UC|title=Germany and the Holy Roman Empire, Volume I: Maximilian I to the Peace of Westphalia, 1493–1648|date=2012a|publisher=OUP|isbn=978-0-1987-3101-6|volume=I|location=Oxford}}
* {{Cite book|last=Whaley|first=Joachim|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NeqGLXvgH7YC|title=Germany and the Holy Roman Empire, Volume II: The Peace of Westphalia to the Dissolution of the Reich, 1648–1806|date=2012b|publisher=OUP|isbn=978-0-1996-9307-8|volume=II|location=Oxford}}
* {{Cite book|last=Wilson|first=Peter H.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eSBIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA53|title=The Holy Roman Empire 1495–1806|date=1999|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-3492-7649-3|language=en|author-link=Peter H. Wilson}}
* {{Cite book|last=Wilson|first=Peter H.|title=From Reich To Revolution: German History, 1558–1806|date=2004}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Wilson|first=Peter H.|date=December 2006|title=Bolstering the Prestige of the Habsburgs: The End of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806|journal=The International History Review|volume=28|issue=4|pages=709–736|doi=10.1080/07075332.2006.9641109|s2cid=154316830}}
* {{Cite book|last=Wilson|first=Peter H.|title=Europe's Tragedy: A History of the Thirty Years' War|date=2009|publisher=Allen Lane}}
* {{Cite book|last=Wilson|first=Peter H.|title=Heart of Europe: A History of the Holy Roman Empire|date=2016|publisher=Belknap Press|isbn=978-0-6740-5809-5}}
* {{Citation|title=Goldene Bulle|date=1908|url=https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Goldene_Bulle_%28Zeumer,_1908%29|editor-last=Zeumern|editor-first=Karl|publisher=Hermann Böhlaus}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Žůrek|first=Václav|date=31 December 2014|title=Les langues du roi. Le rôle de la langue dans la communication de propagande dynastique à l'époque de Charles IV|trans-title=The languages of the king. The role of language in dynastic propaganda communication during the time of Charles IV|journal=Revue de l'Institut Français d'Histoire en Allemagne|language=fr|issue=6|doi=10.4000/ifha.8045|doi-access=free}}
{{Refend}}