Editing Historiography (section)

====Memory studies====
{{See also|Memory studies|l1=|Social memory|Quest for the historical Jesus#Demise of authenticity and call for memory studies|l2=|label 3=Memory studies in historical Jesus research}}

Memory studies is a new field, focused on how nations and groups (and historians) construct and select their memories of the past in order to celebrate (or denounce) key features, thus making a statement of their current values and beliefs.<ref>David Glassberg, "Public History and the Study of Memory" ''The Public Historian'' 18#2 (1996) pp. 7–23; [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3377910 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213101636/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3377910 |date=2020-02-13 }}</ref><ref>David Lowenthal, ''The Past is a Foreign Country'' (1985). {{ISBN|978-0521294805}}</ref> Historians have played a central role in shaping the memories of the past as their work is diffused through popular history books and school textbooks.<ref>S. Berger and C. Lorenz, eds., ''Nationalizing the Past: Historians as Nation Builders in Modern Europe'' (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010). {{ISBN|978-0521294805}}</ref> French sociologist [[Maurice Halbwachs]], opened the field with ''La mémoire collective'' (Paris: 1950).<ref>Translated as ''On collective memory'' (University of Chicago Press, 1992) {{ISBN|978-0226115962}}</ref>

Many historians examine how the memory of the past has been constructed, memorialized or distorted. Historians examine how legends are invented.<ref>Richard Jensen, "'No Irish Need Apply': A Myth of Victimization", ''Journal of Social History'' (2002) 36#2 pp. 405–429 [http://tigger.uic.edu/~rjensen/no-irish.htm online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050208093948/http://tigger.uic.edu/~rjensen/no-irish.htm |date=2005-02-08 }}</ref><ref>Howard Schuman, Barry Schwartz, and Hannah d’Arcy. "Elite Revisionists and Popular Beliefs Christopher Columbus, Hero or Villain?." ''Public Opinion Quarterly'' (2005) 69#1 pp. 2–29 [http://www.barryschwartzonline.com/16406461.PDF online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122223805/http://www.barryschwartzonline.com/16406461.PDF |date=2016-01-22 }}</ref> For example, there are numerous studies of the memory of atrocities from World War II, notably [[the Holocaust]] in Europe and [[Japanese war crimes]] in Asia.<ref>Alon Confino, "Collective memory and cultural history: problems of method." ''American Historical Review'' (1997): 1386–1403. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2171069 in JSTOR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170402182304/http://www.jstor.org/stable/2171069 |date=2017-04-02 }}; [http://www.timeandspace.lviv.ua/files/session/confino_108.pdf another copy online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224092024/http://www.timeandspace.lviv.ua/files/session/confino_108.pdf |date=2015-12-24 }}</ref><ref>Case studies are examined in Jeffrey K. Olick, et al. eds. ''The Collective Memory Reader'' (2011) [https://books.google.com/books?id=Fq8R3G-0t9gC excerpt and text search]</ref> British historian Heather Jones argues that the [[World War I#Historiography|historiography of the First World War]] in recent years has been reinvigorated by the cultural turn. Scholars have raised entirely new questions regarding military occupation, radicalization of politics, race, and the male body.<ref>Heather Jones,  "As the centenary approaches: the regeneration of First World War historiography." ''Historical Journal'' (2013) 56#3 pp: 857–878 {{doi|10.1017/S0018246X13000216}}</ref>

Representative of recent scholarship is a collection of studies on the "Dynamics of Memory and Identity in Contemporary Europe".<ref>Eric Lagenbacher, Bill Niven and Ruth Wittlinger, eds., ''Dynamics of Memory and Identity in Contemporary Europe'' (Berghahn, 2012) 248 pp. [http://www.h-france.net/vol14reviews/vol14no144demossier.pdf online 2014 review in H-France ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924024507/http://www.h-france.net/vol14reviews/vol14no144demossier.pdf |date=2015-09-24 }}</ref> [[SAGE Publishing|Sage]] has published the scholarly journal ''Memory Studies'' since 2008, and the book series "Memory Studies" was launched by [[Palgrave Macmillan]] in 2010 with 5–10 titles a year.<ref>For an overview of the field see Marek Tamm, "Beyond History and Memory: New Perspectives in Memory Studies", ''History Compass'' 11/6 (2013): 458–473 [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/hic3.12050/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921225444/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/hic3.12050/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false |date=2015-09-21 }}.</ref>