Editing Heraclitus (section)

===== Wittgenstein =====
Scholar Edward Hussey sees parallels between Heraclitus, the ''logos'', and the early [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]]'s linguistic philosophy in the ''[[Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus|Tractatus]]'' (1922).{{sfn|Hussey|1972|page=59}} Wittgenstein was known to read Plato<ref>Kienzler, W. (2013). "Wittgenstein Reads Plato". In: Perissinotto, L., Cámara, B.R. (eds) ''Wittgenstein and Plato''. Palgrave Macmillan, London. {{doi|10.1057/9781137313447_2}}</ref> and in his return to philosophy in 1929 he made several remarks resembling those of Heraclitus: "The fundamental thing expressed grammatically: What about the sentence: One cannot step into the same river twice?"<ref>Zettel, Wittgenstein, #459</ref> He then seemed to make a dramatic shift by 1931, saying one can step twice into the same river.<ref>Stern, David G. (1991). Heraclitus' and Wittgenstein's River Images: Stepping Twice into the Same River. The Monist 74 (4):579–604.</ref>

Wittgenstein also uses a river image in ''[[On Certainty]]'' (1950) to say even the river-bed may change as foundational logical principles might: "The mythology may change back into a state of flux, the river-bed of thoughts may shift&nbsp;... And the bank of that river consists partly of hard rock, subject to no alteration or only to an imperceptible one, partly of sand, which now in one place now in another gets washed away or deposited."<ref>Wittgenstein, L. (1972). On Certainty. United Kingdom: HarperCollins. 97, 99</ref><ref>Shiner, Roger. (1974). Wittgenstein and Heraclitus: Two River-Images. ''Philosophy''. 49. 191–197. {{doi|10.1017/S0031819100048063}}.</ref>