Editing Energy storage (section)

=== United States ===
In 2014, research and test centers opened to evaluate energy storage technologies. Among them was the Advanced Systems Test Laboratory at the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison|University of Wisconsin at Madison]] in [[Wisconsin|Wisconsin State]], which partnered with battery manufacturer [[Johnson Controls]].<ref name="Milwaukee Journal Sentinel-2014.05.05" /> The laboratory was created as part of the university's newly opened [[Wisconsin Energy Institute]]. Their goals include the evaluation of state-of-the-art and next generation [[Electric vehicle battery|electric vehicle batteries]], including their use as grid supplements.<ref name="Milwaukee Journal Sentinel-2014.05.05" />

The [[New York (state)|State of New York]] unveiled its New York Battery and Energy Storage Technology (NY-BEST) Test and Commercialization Center at [[Eastman Business Park]] in [[Rochester, New York]], at a cost of $23&nbsp;million for its almost 1,700&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup> laboratory. The center includes the Center for Future Energy Systems, a collaboration between [[Cornell University]] of [[Ithaca, New York]] and the [[Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]] in [[Troy, New York]]. NY-BEST tests, validates and independently certifies diverse forms of energy storage intended for commercial use.<ref name="Democrat and Chronicle-2014.04.30" />

On September 27, 2017, Senators [[Al Franken]] of Minnesota and [[Martin Heinrich]] of New Mexico introduced Advancing Grid Storage Act (AGSA), which would devote more than $1 billion in research, technical assistance and grants to encourage energy storage in the United States.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://pv-magazine-usa.com/2017/09/28/senators-want-more-than-1-billion-to-promote-energy-storage-answers/|title=Senators want more than $1 billion to promote energy storage answers|work=pv magazine USA|access-date=September 28, 2017|language=en-US|archive-date=September 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928180958/https://pv-magazine-usa.com/2017/09/28/senators-want-more-than-1-billion-to-promote-energy-storage-answers/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In grid models with high [[Variable renewable energy|VRE]] share, the excessive cost of storage tends to dominate the costs of the whole grid – for example, in [[California]] alone 80% share of VRE would require 9.6 TWh of storage but 100% would require 36.3 TWh. According to another study, supplying 80% of US demand from VRE would require a smart grid covering the whole country or battery storage capable to supply the whole system for 12 hours, both at cost estimated at $2.5 trillion.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto1"/>