Editing Brussels (section)

==Education==
{{Further|Education in Belgium}}

===Tertiary education===
[[File:ULB 20050712.jpg|thumb|upright|Main building on the ''Solbosch'' campus of the [[Université libre de Bruxelles]] (ULB)]]

There are several [[universities]] in Brussels. Except for the [[Royal Military Academy (Belgium)|Royal Military Academy]], a federal military college established in 1834,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rma.ac.be/RMAdotNet/scsc/infos/default.aspx?Page=1&SubPage=3|title=What makes the RMA so special?|publisher=[[Royal Military Academy (Belgium)|Belgian Royal Military Academy]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228233044/http://www.rma.ac.be/RMAdotNet/scsc/infos/default.aspx?Page=1&SubPage=3|archive-date=28 December 2007|url-status=dead|access-date=9 December 2007}}</ref> all universities in Brussels are private and autonomous. The Royal Military Academy also the only Belgian university organised on the [[boarding school]] model.<ref>{{cite web|title=Logement {{!}} RMA|url=https://www.rma.ac.be/fr/logement|access-date=2021-10-23|website=rma.ac.be|language=fr|archive-date=15 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615032402/https://www.rma.ac.be/fr/logement|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Université libre de Bruxelles]] (ULB), a French-speaking university, with about 20,000 students, has three campuses in the city,<ref>{{cite web|title=Presentation of the Université libre de Bruxelles|publisher=[[Université Libre de Bruxelles]]|url=http://www.ulb.ac.be/docs/ulb-prestige/indexuk.html|access-date=9 December 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071203153418/http://www.ulb.ac.be/docs/ulb-prestige/indexuk.html|archive-date=3 December 2007}}</ref> and the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]] (VUB), its [[Dutch-speaking]] sister university, has about 10,000 students.<ref>{{cite web|title=About the University: Culture and History|publisher=[[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]]|url=http://www.vub.ac.be/english/home/about.html|access-date=9 December 2007|archive-date=16 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616050829/http://www.vub.ac.be/english/home/about.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Both universities originate from a single ancestor university, founded in 1834, namely the [[Free University of Brussels (1834–1969)|Free University of Brussels]], which was split in 1970, at about the same time the Flemish and French Communities gained legislative power over the organisation of higher education.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vub.ac.be/en/about|title=About the University: Culture and History|website=vub.ac.be|access-date=18 October 2017|archive-date=22 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022204210/http://www.vub.ac.be/en/about|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Saint-Louis University, Brussels]] (also known as UCLouvain Saint-Louis – Bruxelles) was founded in 1858 and is specialised in social and [[human science]]s, with 4,000 students, and located on two campuses in the [[City of Brussels]] and [[Ixelles]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Institution: Historique|publisher=Facultés Universitaires Saint Louis|url=http://www.fusl.ac.be/fr/27.html|access-date=9 December 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223141339/http://www.fusl.ac.be/fr/27.html|archive-date=23 December 2007}}</ref> From September 2018 on, the university uses the name ''UCLouvain'', together with the [[Université catholique de Louvain|Catholic University of Louvain]], in the context of a merger between both universities.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fusion UCL – Saint-Louis : un nouveau logo pour des collaborations renforcées|url=https://uclouvain.be/fr/decouvrir/actualites/fusion-ucl-saint-louis-un-nouveau-logo-pour-des-collaborations-renforcees.html|access-date=2021-10-23|website=UCLouvain|language=fr|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023161606/https://uclouvain.be/fr/decouvrir/actualites/fusion-ucl-saint-louis-un-nouveau-logo-pour-des-collaborations-renforcees.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Still other universities have campuses in Brussels, such as the French-speaking Catholic University of Louvain (UCLouvain), which has 10,000 students in the city with its medical faculties at [[UCLouvain Bruxelles Woluwe]] since 1973,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uclouvain.be/47547.html|title=L'histoire de l'UCLouvain à Bruxelles|publisher=[[Université catholique de Louvain]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114142407/http://www.uclouvain.be/47547.html|archive-date=14 November 2007|url-status=dead|access-date=9 December 2007}}</ref> in addition to its [[Faculty of Architecture, Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uclouvain.be/en/sites/st-gilles|title=UCLouvain Bruxelles Saint-Gilles|website=UCLouvain|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107224911/https://uclouvain.be/en/sites/st-gilles|archive-date=7 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> and UCLouvain's Dutch-speaking sister [[Katholieke Universiteit Leuven]] (KU Leuven)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kuleuven.be/wieiswie/en/unit/52230448/@@org|title=KU Leuven organisational chart: KU Leuven, Campus Brussels|publisher=[[Katholieke Universiteit Leuven]]|access-date=11 January 2015|archive-date=11 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111194558/http://www.kuleuven.be/wieiswie/en/unit/52230448/@@org|url-status=live}}</ref> (offering bachelor's and master's degrees in economics & business, law, arts, and architecture; 4,400 students). In addition, the University of Kent's [[Brussels School of International Studies]] is a specialised postgraduate school offering advanced international studies.

Also a dozen of university colleges are located in Brussels, including two drama schools, founded in 1832: the French-speaking [[Conservatoire royal de Bruxelles|Conservatoire Royal]] and its [[Dutch-speaking]] equivalent, the [[Koninklijk Conservatorium (Brussel)|Koninklijk Conservatorium]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Petite histoire du Conservatoire royal de Bruxelles|publisher=Conservatoire Royal|url=http://www.conservatoire.be/historique.html|access-date=9 December 2007|archive-date=23 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923002243/http://www.conservatoire.be/historique.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Koninklijk Conservatorium Brussel|publisher=[[Koninklijk Conservatorium (Brussel)|Koninklijk Conservatorium]]|url=http://www.kcb.be/eng/indexin.asp?pag=bib&nr=1|access-date=9 December 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061013223138/http://www.kcb.be/eng/indexin.asp?pag=bib&nr=1|archive-date=13 October 2006}}</ref>

===Primary and secondary education===
Most of Brussels pupils between the ages of 3 and 18 go to schools organised by the [[French-speaking Community]] or the [[Flemish Community]], with close to 80% going to French-speaking schools, and roughly 20% to Dutch-speaking schools. Due to the post-war international presence in the city, there are also a number of international schools, including the [[International School of Brussels]], with 1,450 pupils, between the ages of {{frac|2|1|2}} and 18,<ref>{{cite web|title=ISB Profile|publisher=[[International School of Brussels]]|url=http://www.isb.be/page.cfm?p=7|access-date=9 December 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017045221/http://www.isb.be/page.cfm?p=7|archive-date=17 October 2007}}</ref> the [[British School of Brussels]], and the four [[European School]]s, which provide free education for the children of those working in the [[EU institutions]]. The combined student population of the four [[European School]]s in Brussels is around 10,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Background|publisher=[[European Schools|Schola Europaea]]|url=http://www.eursc.eu/index.php?id=133|access-date=9 December 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071231041405/http://www.eursc.eu/index.php?id=133|archive-date=31 December 2007}}</ref>

===Libraries===
{{Main|List of libraries in Belgium}}
[[File:Albertine - 01.jpg|thumb|right|[[Royal Library of Belgium]] (KBR)]]

Brussels has a number of public or private-owned [[libraries]] on its territory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://be.brussels/brussels-for-free/books-and-literature/public-libraries|title=Public libraries|website=be.brussels|access-date=18 October 2017|archive-date=18 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918132620/http://be.brussels/brussels-for-free/books-and-literature/public-libraries|url-status=live}}</ref> Most public libraries in Brussels fall under the competence of the Communities and are usually separated between French-speaking and Dutch-speaking institutions, although some are mixed.{{verify source|date=April 2018}}

The [[Royal Library of Belgium]] (KBR) is the [[national library]] of Belgium and one of the most prestigious libraries in the world. It owns several collections of historical importance, like the famous [[Fétis]] archives, and is the depository for all books ever published in Belgium or abroad by Belgian authors. It is located on the [[Mont des Arts|Mont des Arts/Kunstberg]] in central Brussels, near the [[Brussels Central Station|Central Station]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Home • KBR|url=https://www.kbr.be/en/|access-date=2021-12-11|website=KBR|archive-date=24 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924144612/https://www.kbr.be/en/|url-status=live}}</ref>

There are several academic libraries and archives in Brussels. The libraries of the [[Université libre de Bruxelles]] (ULB) and the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]] (VUB) constitute the largest ensemble of university libraries in the city. In addition to the ''Solbosch'' location, there are branches in ''La Plaine'' and ''Erasme''/''Erasmus''.<ref>{{cite web|last=ROBERT|first=Florence|title=Bibliothèques|url=https://bib.ulb.be/|access-date=2021-12-11|website=Bibliothèques|language=fr-FR|archive-date=11 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211123148/https://bib.ulb.be/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Departments – University Library VUB|url=https://biblio.vub.ac.be/iguana/www.main.cls?surl=departments&v=c438f8ec-7050-11e7-b119-005056b628b8&p=f88fe9ec-2425-11e7-a7e4-90084dd7a2c4&language=eng|access-date=2021-12-11|website=biblio.vub.ac.be|archive-date=11 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211123148/https://biblio.vub.ac.be/iguana/www.main.cls?surl=departments&v=c438f8ec-7050-11e7-b119-005056b628b8&p=f88fe9ec-2425-11e7-a7e4-90084dd7a2c4&language=eng|url-status=live}}</ref> Other academic libraries include those of [[Saint-Louis University, Brussels]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Bienvenue – Bibliothèque – Université Saint-Louis – Bruxelles|url=https://www.usaintlouis.be/sl/bib_bienvenue.html|access-date=2021-12-11|website=usaintlouis.be|archive-date=22 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122072908/https://www.usaintlouis.be/sl/bib_bienvenue.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Université catholique de Louvain|Catholic University of Louvain]] (UCLouvain).<ref>{{cite web|title=The Libraries of Université catholique de Louvain|url=https://uclouvain.be/en/libraries|access-date=2021-12-11|website=UCLouvain|archive-date=11 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211123200/https://uclouvain.be/en/libraries|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Science and technology===
{{Main|Science and technology in Brussels}}
[[File:Planetarium Royal Observatory Belgium.jpg|thumb|[[Planetarium (Belgium)|Planetarium]] of the [[Royal Observatory of Belgium]]]]

Science and technology in Brussels is well developed with the presence of several [[List of universities in Belgium|universities]] and research institutes. The Brussels-Capital Region is home to several national science and technology institutes including the [[National Fund for Scientific Research]] (NFSR), the [[Institute for the Encouragement of Scientific Research and Innovation of Brussels]] (ISRIB), the [[Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium]] (RASAB) and the [[Belgian Academy Council of Applied Sciences]] (BACAS). Several science parks associated with the universities are also spread over the region.

The [[Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences]], located in [[Leopold Park]], houses the world's largest hall completely dedicated to [[dinosaur]]s, with its collection of 30 [[fossil]]ised ''[[Iguanodon]]'' skeletons.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.naturalsciences.be/en/museum/exhibitions-view/239/394/390|title=Permanent Exhibition " Dinosaur Gallery|website=Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences|access-date=18 October 2017|archive-date=19 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019061007/https://www.naturalsciences.be/en/museum/exhibitions-view/239/394/390|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition, the [[Planetarium (Belgium)|Planetarium]] of the [[Royal Observatory of Belgium]] (part of the institutions of the [[Belgian Federal Science Policy Office]]), on the [[Heysel Plateau]] in [[Laeken]], is one of the largest in Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brusselsmuseums.be/en/museum/102-planetarium-of-brussels|title=Planetarium of Brussels|website=Brussels' Museums|access-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211075316/http://www.brusselsmuseums.be/en/museum/102-planetarium-of-brussels|archive-date=11 February 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Healthcare===
{{Main|List of hospitals in Belgium#Brussels-Capital Region}}
[[File:Hôpital Erasme Haupteingang.jpg|thumb|right|[[Erasmus Hospital]] in [[Anderlecht]]]]

Brussels is home to a thriving [[Pharmaceutical industry|pharmaceutical]] and [[health care]] industry which includes pioneering [[biotechnology]] research. The health sector employs 70,000 employees in 30,000 companies. There are 3,000 life sciences researchers in the city and two large [[science park]]s: Da Vinci Research Park and Erasmus Research Park. There are five [[university hospitals]], a [[military hospital]] and more than 40 general hospitals and specialist clinics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hospitals.be/|title=Belgian Association of Hospitals|website=hospitals.be|access-date=18 October 2017|archive-date=9 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009021230/http://www.hospitals.be/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Due to [[Languages of Belgium|its bilingual nature]], hospitals in the Brussels-Capital Region can be either monolingual French, monolingual Dutch, or bilingual, depending on their nature. University hospitals belong to one of the two [[Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium|linguistic communities]] and are thus monolingual French or Dutch by law. Other hospitals managed by a public authority must be legally bilingual. Private hospitals are legally not bound to either language, but most cater to both. However, all hospital emergency services in the Capital Region (whether part of a public or private hospital) are required to be bilingual, since patients transported by emergency [[ambulance]] cannot choose the hospital they will be brought to.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zorg-en-gezondheid.be/welke-taal-moeten-de-brusselse-ziekenhuizen-gebruiken|title=Welke taal moeten de Brusselse ziekenhuizen gebruiken?|website=zorg-en-gezondheid.be|publisher=[[Agency for Care and Health (Flanders)|Agency for Care and Health]]|language=Dutch|trans-title=Which language do hospitals in Brussels have to use?|access-date=18 September 2019|archive-date=4 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304191312/https://zorg-en-gezondheid.be/welke-taal-moeten-de-brusselse-ziekenhuizen-gebruiken|url-status=live}}</ref>