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== References == === Citations === {{Reflist |refs= <ref name="MBLE_1962_Norbit">{{cite journal |title=les relais statiques Norbit |language=fr |date=September 1962<!-- or 1961? --> |journal=[[Revue MBLE]] |url=http://www.radiocollection.be/images/mble_img/mble_auto17.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618235651/http://www.radiocollection.be/images/mble_img/mble_auto17.jpg |archive-date=18 June 2018}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20180619105935/http://www.radiocollection.be/images/mble_img/mble_auto10.jpg] [https://web.archive.org/web/20180619105944/http://www.radiocollection.be/images/mble_img/mble_auto11.jpg] [https://web.archive.org/web/20180619110132/http://www.radiocollection.be/images/mble_img/mble_auto12.jpg] [https://web.archive.org/web/20180619110140/http://www.radiocollection.be/images/mble_img/mble_auto13.jpg] [https://web.archive.org/web/20180619110249/http://www.radiocollection.be/images/mble_img/mble_auto14.jpg] [https://web.archive.org/web/20180619110302/http://www.radiocollection.be/images/mble_img/mble_auto15.jpg] [https://web.archive.org/web/20180619110254/http://www.radiocollection.be/images/mble_img/mble_auto16.jpg]</ref> <ref name="Walker_2012">{{cite book |title=The Programmable Logic Controller: its prehistory, emergence and application |author-first=Mark John |author-last=Walker |date=8 September 2012 |type=PhD thesis |location=Department of Communication and Systems Faculty of Mathematics, Computing and Technology |publisher=[[The Open University]] |pages=223, 269, 308 |url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/54687/1/594090.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620115412/http://oro.open.ac.uk/54687/1/594090.pdf |archive-date=20 June 2018}}</ref> <ref name="Wireless-World_1960">{{cite journal |title=INTERKAMA 1960 β Dusseldorf Exhibition of Automation and Instruments |date=December 1960 |volume=66 |number=12 |journal=[[Wireless World]] |pages=588β589 |url=https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Wireless-World/60s/Wireless-World-1960-12.pdf |quote=[β¦] Another point noticed was the widespread use of small-package [[solid-state (electronics)|solid-state]] [[digital logic|logic]] (such as "[[Logical AND|and]]," "[[Logical OR|or]]," "[[Logical NOT|not]]") and [[instrumentation]] (timers, amplifiers, etc.) units. There would seem to be a good case here for the various manufacturers to standardise practical details such as mounting, connections and power supplies so that a [[Siemens]] "[[Simatic]]," say, is directly interchangeable with an [[Ateliers des Constructions Electronique de Charleroi]] "[[Logacec]]," a [[Telefunken]] "[[Logistat]]," or a [[Mullard]] "[[Norbit module|Norbit]]" or "[[Combi-element]]." [β¦]}}</ref> <ref name="Akkord_Estacord">{{cite book |publisher={{interlanguage link|Akkord-Radio{{!}}Akkord-Radio GmbH|de|Akkord-Radio}} |location=Herxheim/Pfalz, Germany |title=Estacord β Das universelle Bausteinsystem fΓΌr kontaktlose Steuerungen |language=German |date=<!-- ca. 1960-1962? --> |type=Catalog}}</ref> <ref name="Klingelnberg_1967">{{cite book |title=Technisches Hilfsbuch |language=de |author-first=W. Ferdinand |author-last=Klingelnberg |editor-first1=Fritz |editor-last1=Pohl |editor-first2=Rudolf |editor-last2=Reindl |edition=softcover reprint of 15th hardcover |publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] |date=2013 |orig-date=1967, 1960, 1939<!-- 1940, 1942, 1944, 1953 --> |isbn=978-3-64288368-2 |id=0512 |lccn=67-23459 |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-88367-5 |page=135 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_zymBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA135}}</ref> <ref name="Weissel_1995">{{cite book |title=Digitale Schaltungstechnik |chapter=4.1. Grundschaltungen mit Bipolar- und Feldeffekttransistoren |language=de |author-first1=Ralph |author-last1=WeiΓel |author-first2=Franz |author-last2=Schubert |publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] |date=7 March 2013 |orig-date=1995, 1990 |isbn=978-3-540-57012-7 |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-78387-6 |edition=reprint of 2nd |page=116 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h3DRBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA116|series=Springer-Lehrbuch }}</ref> <ref name="Parr_1993">{{cite book |title=Logic Designer's Handbook: Circuits and Systems |author-first=E. Andrew |author-last=Parr |edition=revised 2nd |publisher=B.H. Newnes / Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd. / Reed International Books |date=1993 |orig-date=1984 |isbn=978-0-7506-0535-9 |pages=45β46 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yk8vBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA482}}</ref> }} === Sources === {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |first=David H. |last=Autor |title=Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation |year=2015 |volume=29 |page=3 |number=3 |journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives |url=https://economics.mit.edu/files/11563 |doi=10.1257/jep.29.3.3 |hdl=1721.1/109476 |doi-access=free |access-date=16 January 2018 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901060615/http://economics.mit.edu/files/11563 |hdl-access=free }} * {{cite book|title=A History of Control Engineering 1930-1955 |last=Bennett |first= S. |year=1993 |publisher =Peter Peregrinus Ltd. On behalf of the Institution of Electrical Engineers |location= London |isbn= 978-0-86341-280-6}} * {{Citation | editor-last = Dunlop | editor-first = John T. | year = 1962 | title = Automation and Technological Change: Report of the Twenty-first American Assembly | publisher = Prentice-Hall | location = Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA | postscript =. }} * E. McGaughey, 'Will Robots Automate Your Job Away? Full Employment, Basic Income, and Economic Democracy' (2018) [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3044448 SSRN, part 2(3)] * {{Citation | last = Ouellette | first = Robert | year = 1983 | title = Automation Impacts on Industry | publisher = Ann Arbor Science Publishers | location = Ann Arbor, MI, USA | isbn = 978-0-250-40609-8 | postscript =. }} * {{Citation |editor-last=Trevathan |editor-first=Vernon L. |year=2006 |title=A Guide to the Automation Body of Knowledge |edition=2nd |publisher=International Society of Automation |location=Research Triangle Park, NC, USA |url=http://www.isa.org/autobok/ |isbn=978-1-55617-984-6 |postscript=. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704074027/http://www.isa.org/autobok |archive-date=4 July 2008 }} * {{Citation | last = Frohm | first = Jorgen | year = 2008 | title = Levels of Automation in Production Systems | publisher = Chalmers University of Technology | url = http://publications.lib.chalmers.se | isbn = 978-91-7385-055-1 | postscript = . }} * Executive Office of the President, Artificial Intelligence, Automation and the Economy ([https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/images/EMBARGOED%20AI%20Economy%20Report.pdf December 2016]) {{Refend}} * {{Free-content attribution | title = In Brief to The State of Food and Agriculture 2022 β Leveraging automation in agriculture for transforming agrifood systems | author = FAO | publisher = FAO | page numbers = | source = | documentURL = https://doi.org/10.4060/cc2459en | license statement URL = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:In_brief_-_The_State_of_Food_and_Agriculture_2022.pdf | license = CC BY-SA 3.0 }}
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