Editing Zionism (section)

=== Characterization as colonialist and racist ===
{{See also|Racism in Israel#Zionism|Israel and apartheid|Soviet anti-Zionism}}
[[File:2017.03.26 Anti-Israel Protest, Washington, DC USA 01929 (33670862035).jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|Pro-Palestinian protest with placards demanding the US to stop funding of "Israeli apartheid" in Washington, DC, 2017]]

In December 1973, the UN passed a series of resolutions condemning South Africa and included a reference to an "unholy alliance between [[Portuguese Colonial War|Portuguese colonialism]], [[Apartheid]] and Zionism."<ref>Resolution 3151 G (XXVIII) of December 14, 1973, by the UN General Assembly</ref> At the time there was little cooperation between [[Israel – South Africa relations|Israel and South Africa]],{{sfn|Nadelmann|1981|p=}} although the two countries would develop a close relationship during the 1970s.{{sfn|McGreal|2006}} Parallels have also been drawn between aspects of South Africa's apartheid regime and certain Israeli policies toward the Palestinians, which are seen as manifestations of racism in Zionist thinking.{{sfn|Johnston|2007}}

In 1975 the [[UN General Assembly]] passed [[Resolution 3379]], which said "Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination". According to the resolution, "any doctrine of racial differentiation of superiority is scientifically false, morally condemnable, socially unjust, and dangerous". The resolution named the occupied territory of Palestine, Zimbabwe, and South Africa as examples of racist regimes. Resolution 3379 was pioneered by the Soviet Union and passed with numerical support from Arab and African states amidst accusations that Israel was supportive of the apartheid regime in South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cfr.org/un/un-general-assembly-resolution-3379-racial-discrimination/p11284 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130141738/http://www.cfr.org/un/un-general-assembly-resolution-3379-racial-discrimination/p11284 |title=UN General Assembly Resolution 3379, Racial Discrimination (Council on Foreign Relations, November 10, 1975) |website=[[Council on Foreign Relations]] |archive-date=January 30, 2012}}</ref> In 1991 the resolution was repealed with [[UN General Assembly Resolution 46/86]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=260 General Assembly Resolution 46–86 – Revocation of Resolution 3379 – 16 December 1991 and statement by President Herzog |language=en |publisher=[[Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] |url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign%2520Relations/Israels%2520Foreign%2520Relations%2520since%25201947/1988-1992/260%2520General%2520Assembly%2520Resolution%252046-86-%2520Revocation |access-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-date=March 24, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324051151/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign%20Relations/Israels%20Foreign%20Relations%20since%201947/1988-1992/260%20General%20Assembly%20Resolution%2046-86-%20Revocation |website=www.mfa.gov.il}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=July 2023}} after Israel declared that it would only participate in the [[Madrid Conference of 1991]] if the resolution were revoked.{{sfn|Frum|2000|p=320}}

Arab countries sought to associate Zionism with racism in connection with a [[World Conference against Racism 2001|2001 UN conference on racism]], which took place in [[Durban]], South Africa,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1484002.stm |title=Anger over Zionism debate |date=September 4, 2001 |access-date=March 12, 2018 |work=[[BBC News]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107030339/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1484002.stm |archive-date=November 7, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> which caused the United States and Israel to walk away from the conference. The final text of the conference did not connect Zionism with racism. A human rights forum arranged in connection with the conference, on the other hand, did equate Zionism with racism and censured Israel for what it called "racist crimes, including acts of genocide and ethnic cleansing".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1523600.stm |title=US abandons racism summit |date=September 3, 2001 |access-date=March 12, 2018 |work=[[BBC News]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104085705/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1523600.stm |archive-date=January 4, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>