Editing Sjögren's disease (section)

== History ==

The disease was described in 1933 by [[Henrik Sjögren]], after whom it is named, but a number of earlier descriptions of people with the symptoms exist.<ref name=Ng2016/>

[[Jan Mikulicz-Radecki]] (1850–1905) is generally credited with the first description of SS. In 1892, he described a 42-year-old man with enlargement of the [[Parotid gland|parotid]] and [[lacrimal gland]]s associated with a round-cell infiltrate and [[acinar]] [[atrophy]].<ref name="Fox, R. I 2005"/><ref name=parke>{{cite journal | vauthors = Parke AL, Buchanan WW | title = Sjögren's syndrome: History, clinical and pathological features | journal = Inflammopharmacology | volume = 6 | issue = 4 | pages = 271–87 | date = 1998 | pmid = 17657625 | doi = 10.1007/s10787-998-0012-6 | s2cid = 12580734 }}</ref> However, the criteria that Mikulicz established for diagnosis often led to [[misdiagnosis]] of [[Benign lymphoepithelial lesion|Mikulicz's syndrome]]. Many conditions, such as [[tuberculosis]], infections, [[sarcoidosis]], and [[lymphoma]] present with similar conditions to those ascribed to Mikulicz's syndrome.<ref name="Fox, R. I 2005"/> Nevertheless, the term "Mikulicz's syndrome" is still used occasionally to describe the appearance of lymphocytic infiltrates on salivary-gland biopsies.<ref name="Fox, R. I 2005"/>

In 1930, [[Henrik Sjögren]] (1899–1986), an ophthalmologist in [[Jönköping]], Sweden, observed a patient with low secretions from the lacrimal and salivary glands.<ref name="murube">Murube, J. Henrik Sjögren, 1899–1986. The ocular surface 8, 2–2 (2010)</ref> Sjögren introduced the term keratoconjunctivitis sicca for the symptom of dry eyes ([[keratoconjunctivitis]]). In 1933, he published his [[doctoral thesis]] describing 19 females, most of whom were postmenopausal and had arthritis, showing clinical and pathological manifestations of the syndrome.<ref name=parke /> Sjögren clarified that keratoconjunctivitis sicca, resulting from water deficiency, had no relation to [[xerophthalmia]], resulting from vitamin A deficiency.<ref name=parke /> Sjögren's thesis was not well received as the Board of Examiners criticized some clinical aspects.<ref name=murube />

After extensive research and data collection, Sjögren published an essential paper in 1951, describing 80 patients with [[keratoconjunctivitis sicca]], 50 of whom also had arthritis.<ref name=murube /> His subsequent follow-up conference trips pertaining to his paper led to an international interest in Sjögren's syndrome.<ref name=murube /> The term "keratoconjunctivitis sicca" was coined by Sjögren himself and began to be identified as Sjögren's syndrome in literature,<ref name=murube /> although it can now have more general usage.