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=====Dipterans===== If flies are fed serotonin, they are more aggressive; flies depleted of serotonin still exhibit aggression, but they do so much less frequently.<ref name="Dierick">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dierick HA, Greenspan RJ | title = Serotonin and neuropeptide F have opposite modulatory effects on fly aggression | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 39 | issue = 5 | pages = 678β682 | date = May 2007 | pmid = 17450142 | doi = 10.1038/ng2029 | s2cid = 33768246 }}</ref> In [[Dipteran crop|their crops]] it plays a vital role in digestive motility produced by contraction. Serotonin that acts on the crop is exogenous to the crop itself and 2012 research suggested that it probably originated in the serotonin neural plexus in the thoracic-abdominal synganglion.<ref name="Stoffolano-Haselton-2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Stoffolano JG, Haselton AT | title = The adult Dipteran crop: a unique and overlooked organ | journal = Annual Review of Entomology | volume = 58 | issue = 1 | pages = 205β225 | date = 2013-01-07 | pmid = 23317042 | doi = 10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153653 | publisher = [[Annual Reviews (publisher)|Annual Reviews]] | author-link = John Stoffolano }}</ref> In 2011 a ''[[Drosophila]]'' serotonergic mushroom body was found to work in concert with ''[[Amnesiac gene|Amnesiac]]'' to form memories.<ref name="Schoofs-et-al-2017" /> In 2007 serotonin was found to promote aggression in ''[[Diptera]]'', which was counteracted by [[neuropeptide F]] β a surprising find given that they both promote [[insect courtship|courtship]], which is usually similar to aggression in most respects.<ref name="Schoofs-et-al-2017" />
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