Editing Sculpture (section)

====North America====
{{anchor|North America}}
[[File:St James -Cristo del Rey.jpg|thumb|[[James, son of Zebedee|St. James]] panel, from [[reredos]] in Cristo Rey Church, [[Santa Fe, New Mexico]], {{circa|1760}}]]
[[File:Degas-dancer.jpg|thumb|[[Edgar Degas]], ''[[La Petite Danseuse de Quatorze Ans|Little Dancer of Fourteen Years]]'', cast in 1922 from a [[mixed-media]] sculpture modeled {{circa|1879}}–80, Bronze, partly tinted, with cotton]]
In [[North America]], wood was sculpted for [[totem poles]], masks, utensils, [[War canoe]]s and a variety of other uses, with distinct variation between different cultures and regions. The most developed styles are those of the [[Northwest Coast art|Pacific Northwest Coast]], where a group of elaborate and highly stylized formal styles developed forming the basis of a tradition that continues today. In addition to the famous totem poles, painted and carved [[longhouse|house fronts]] were complemented by carved posts inside and out, as well as mortuary figures and other items. Among the [[Inuit]] of the far north, traditional carving styles in ivory and soapstone are still continued.<ref>Honour & Fleming, 553–56.</ref>

The arrival of European Catholic culture readily adapted local skills to the prevailing [[Baroque]] style, producing enormously elaborate [[retablo]]s and other mostly church sculptures in a variety of hybrid styles.<ref>Neumeyer, Alfred, ''The Indian Contribution to Architectural Decoration in Spanish Colonial America''. ''The Art Bulletin'', June 1948, Volume XXX, Number two.</ref> The most famous of such examples in Canada is the altar area of the [[Notre-Dame Basilica (Montreal)|Notre Dame Basilica]] in Montreal, Quebec, which was carved by peasant ''[[habitant]]'' labourers. Later, artists trained in the Western academic tradition followed European styles until in the late 19th century they began to draw again on indigenous influences, notably in the Mexican baroque grotesque style known as [[Churrigueresque]]. Aboriginal peoples also adapted church sculpture in variations on [[Carpenter Gothic]]; one famous example is the ''Church of the Holy Cross'' in [[Skookumchuck Hot Springs, British Columbia]].

The history of [[Sculpture of the United States|sculpture in the United States]] after Europeans' arrival reflects the country's 18th-century foundation in [[Roman empire|Roman]] republican civic values and [[Protestantism|Protestant Christianity]]. Compared to areas colonized by the Spanish, sculpture got off to an extremely slow start in the British colonies, with next to no place in churches, and was only given impetus by the need to assert nationality after independence. American sculpture of the mid- to late-19th century was often classical, often romantic, but showed a bent for a dramatic, narrative, almost journalistic realism. Public buildings during the last quarter of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century often provided an architectural setting for sculpture, especially in relief. By the 1930s the [[International Style (architecture)|International Style]] of architecture and design and [[art deco]] characterized by the work of [[Paul Manship]] and [[Lee Lawrie]] and others became popular. By the 1950s, traditional sculpture education would almost be completely replaced by a [[Bauhaus]]-influenced concern for [[Abstract art|abstract]] design. [[Minimalist]] sculpture replaced the figure in public settings and architects almost completely stopped using sculpture in or on their designs. Modern sculptors (21st century) use both classical and abstract inspired designs. Beginning in the 1980s, there was a swing back toward figurative public sculpture; by 2000, many of the new public pieces in the United States were figurative in design.

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Mount Rushmore Closeup 2017.jpg|[[Gutzon Borglum]] and his son, [[Lincoln Borglum]], ''[[Mount Rushmore]]'', 1927–1941. L–R, [[George Washington]], [[Thomas Jefferson]], [[Theodore Roosevelt]], and [[Abraham Lincoln]].
File:Robert Gould Shaw Memorial - detail.jpg|[[Robert Gould Shaw Memorial]] by [[Augustus Saint-Gaudens]], 1884–1897, plaster version
File:Beaumont Tower - Lee Lawrie, sculptor.jpg|[[Lee Lawrie]], ''The Sower'', 1928 [[Art Deco]] relief on [[Beaumont Tower]], [[Michigan State University]]
File:Lincoln statue, Lincoln Memorial.jpg|[[Daniel Chester French]], ''[[Abraham Lincoln (French 1920)|Abraham Lincoln]]'' (1920) in the [[Lincoln Memorial]], [[Washington, D.C.]]
File:Tlingit K'alyaan Totem Pole August 2005.jpg|The ''K'alyaan'' Totem Pole of the [[Tlingit people|Tlingit]] Kiks.ádi Clan, erected at [[Sitka National Historical Park]] to commemorate the lives lost in the 1804 [[Battle of Sitka]]
File:The Broncho Buster MET DP361132.jpg|[[Frederic Remington]], ''[[The Bronco Buster]]'', 1895, cast 1918. Metropolitan Museum of Art
File:Dancer and Gazelles - Manship.jpg|[[Paul Manship]], ''Dancer and Gazelles'', 1916, [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]], Washington, DC
File:The Scout by Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney.jpg|[[Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney]], ''[[Buffalo Bill - The Scout (statue)|Buffalo Bill - The Scout]]'', 1924, commemorating [[Buffalo Bill]] in [[Cody, Wyoming]]
</gallery>