Editing Reformation (section)

===Warsaw Confederation===

As the Bohemian Brethren were famed for their diligence, many [[Szlachta|Polish aristocrats]] eagerly settled them on their estates.{{sfn|Palmitessa|2006|p=194}} Ethnic Poles became receptive to Protestant ideas, especially to Calvin's theology from the 1540s. The {{lang|pl|[[Hetmans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Hetman]]}} [[Jan Tarnowski]] (d. 1561) entered into correspondence with Calvin in 1540; in 1542, [[Jan Łaski]] (d. 1560) converted although [[Jan Łaski (1456–1531)|his uncle (and namesake)]] had been the [[Primate of Poland]]. In 1548, Sigismund the Old's tolerant son [[Sigismund II Augustus]] ({{reign|1548|1572}}) ascended the throne. Two years later, the first synod of the [[Polish Reformed Church]] assembled at [[Pińczów]].{{sfn|Cameron|2012|p=281}} Proposals for the introduction of vernacular liturgy and communion in both kinds, and the abolition of clerical celibacy were forwarded by Sigismund Augustus to the Holy See but [[Pope Paul IV]] ({{reign|1555|1559}}) rejected them.{{sfn|MacCulloch|2003|pp=256–257}} The Catholic prelates tried to put Protestant nobles and married priests on trial for heresy but the legislative assembly, or [[Sejm]] suspended such persecutions on the initiative of the Protestant [[Marshal of the Sejm]] [[Rafał Leszczyński (1526–1592)|Rafał Leszczyński]] and Tarnowski in 1552.{{sfn|Cameron|2012|p=281}} In 1556, Łaski organised a synod in the hope of reuniting all non-Lutheran Protestants but failed. At the meeting, [[Piotr of Goniądz]] (d. 1573) openly attacked infant baptism and the doctrine of Trinity.{{sfn|MacCulloch|2003|p=257}} The antitrinitarian [[Polish Brethren]] established their own church, known as Minor Church in contrast with the Reformed Major Church.{{sfn|Palmitessa|2006|p=195}} From 1565, Polish nobles could no more be persecuted on religious grounds which allowed them to freely choose between competing theologies.{{sfn|Cameron|2012|p=281}} By this time, around one-fifth of the nobility had converted to the Reformed faith, and most secular members of the [[Senate of Poland|Senate]] were Protestant. Relationship between Poland and Lithuania was redefined by the 1569 [[Union of Lublin]] which created the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]].{{sfn|MacCulloch|2003|pp=330–331}} After Sigismund Augustus died, the Sejm passed the [[Warsaw Confederation]] prescribing that only candidates who promised to protect religious freedom could be elected king.{{sfn|Cameron|2012|p=281}}