Editing Reconstruction era (section)

===Countered election fraud===
To counter vote fraud in the Democratic stronghold of [[New York City]], Grant sent in tens of thousands of armed, uniformed federal marshals and other election officials to regulate the 1870 and subsequent elections. Democrats across the North then mobilized to defend their base and attacked Grant's entire set of policies.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Quigley |first=David |date=January 2008 |title=Constitutional Revision and the City: The Enforcement Acts and Urban America, 1870–1894 |journal=[[Journal of Policy History]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=64–75 |doi=10.1353/jph.0.0001|s2cid=153347617 }}</ref> On October 21, 1876, President Grant deployed troops to protect Black and White Republican voters in Petersburg, Virginia.{{sfnp|Blair|2005|p=400}}