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==Research== The role of [[insulin resistance]] in the pathogenesis of psoriasis is under investigation. Preliminary research has suggested that [[antioxidant]]s such as [[polyphenol]]s may have beneficial effects on the inflammation characteristic of psoriasis.<ref name="Dubois2013"/> Many novel medications being researched during the 2010s target the [[Th17]]/[[Interleukin 23 subunit alpha|IL-23]] axis,<ref name="Dubois2013"/> particularly [[Interleukin 23 subunit alpha|IL-23p19]] inhibitors, as IL-23p19 is present in increased concentrations in psoriasis skin lesions while contributing less to protection against opportunistic infections.<ref name=Patel2012>{{cite journal | vauthors = Patel M, Day A, Warren RB, Menter A | title = Emerging therapies for the treatment of psoriasis | journal = Dermatology and Therapy | volume = 2 | issue = 1 | pages = 16 | date = December 2012 | pmid = 23205338 | pmc = 3510410 | doi = 10.1007/s13555-012-0016-4 }}</ref> Other [[cytokine]]s such as [[Interleukin 17|IL-17]] and [[Interleukin 22|IL-22]] also have been targets for inhibition as they play important roles in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.<ref name=Patel2012 /> Another avenue of research has focused on the use of [[vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor|vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors]] to treat psoriasis.<ref name="Weidemann2013"/> Oral agents being investigated during the 2010s as alternatives to medications administered by injection include [[Janus kinase inhibitor]]s, [[protein kinase C]] inhibitors, [[mitogen-activated protein kinase]] inhibitors, and [[PDE4 inhibitor|phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors]], all of which have proven effective in various phase 2 and 3 [[clinical trial]]s.<ref name="Dubois2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dubois Declercq S, Pouliot R | title = Promising new treatments for psoriasis | journal = TheScientificWorldJournal | volume = 2013 | issue = 980419 | pages = 980419 | date = July 2013 | pmid = 23935446 | pmc = 3713318 | doi = 10.1155/2013/980419 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name=Patel2012/> These agents have potentially severe side-effects due to their [[Immunosuppression|immunosuppressive]] mechanisms.<ref name=Patel2012/>
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