Editing Northrop F-5 (section)

===Former operators===
[[File:Austrian Air Force Northrop F-5E Tiger II Lofting-5.jpg|thumb|An Austrian Air Force F-5E Tiger II with Swiss registration.]]
[[File:F-5E-F-Tiger-II.jpg|thumb|F-5E Tiger II of the [[Indonesian Air Force]] preserved at the [[Dirgantara Mandala Museum]], [[Yogyakarta]]]]
[[File:Northrop F-5E Tiger II, Jordan - Air Force AN2020760.jpg|thumb|Jordanian F-5E Tiger II]]
;{{AUT}}
*[[Austrian Air Force]]: On loan from Switzerland – all aircraft returned and replaced by [[Eurofighter Typhoon]]s.
;{{CAN}}
*[[Canadian Forces]] – see [[Canadair CF-5]]
;{{ETH}}
*[[Ethiopian Air Force]] first delivery in 1966; it has operated the A, B, and E variants.
[[File:Northrop F-5A Freedom Fighter, Greece - Air Force JP6716600.jpg|thumb|A Hellenic Air Force F-5A]]
;{{GRC}}
*[[Hellenic Air Force]] received the first 55 F-5As in 1965. In 1975, 10 aircraft were bought from Iran and later, another 10 followed from Jordan. In 1986, nine aircraft were donated by Norway and in 1991, 10 NF-5As were donated by the Netherlands. During 1967 and 1968 this type of aircraft was used by the 3rd Hellenic Aerobatic Team "New Hellenic Flame". The last NF-5As were retired in 2002.<ref>[http://www.haf.gr/el/mission/weapons/historic/1951_1973/f-5.asp "Northrop F-5A / B and NF-5A / B Freedom Fighter."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015053658/http://www.haf.gr/el/mission/weapons/historic/1951_1973/f-5.asp |date=15 October 2013}} ''Hellenic Air Force''. Retrieved: 23 December 2014.</ref>
;{{IDN}}
*[[Indonesian Air Force]]: Received in 1980, upgraded in [[Belgium]] in the middle to late 1990s. All 16 F-5E/Fs have been retired since 3 May 2016 per directive from Chief of Indonesian Air Force due to safety issues.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Saragih |first1=Maylina |title=18 Pesawat Warnai Muspusdirla Yogyakarta |date=17 April 2018 |publisher=Dinas Penerangan Angkatan Udara |location=Jakarta |pages=43–44}}</ref>
;{{JOR}}
*[[Royal Jordanian Air Force]] – retired in 2015.  Replaced by F-16A/B and [[BAE Systems Hawk|Hawk Mk 63]]. Sold 11 to Brazil for $21 million in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.airway1.com/brazilian-air-force-auctions-three-f-5-fighter-airframe/ |title= Brazilian Air Force auctions three F-5 fighter airframe |date= 21 May 2020 |access-date= 19 July 2020 |archive-date= 20 July 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200720070756/https://www.airway1.com/brazilian-air-force-auctions-three-f-5-fighter-airframe/ |url-status= dead }}</ref>
;{{flag|Kingdom of Libya}}
*[[Royal Libyan Air Force]] to 1969. 10 F-5s. May have been sold to Turkey after 1969.
;{{MYS}}
*[[Royal Malaysian Air Force]] used 4 F-5F as trainer aircraft while another 16 of its Northrop F-5E Tiger IIs were upgraded for reconnaissance purposes.<ref>{{cite book |last=Taylor |first=John |title=Gallery of Far Easy / Pacific Airpower |url={{Google Books URL|9ir83x1DXo8C|p=61}} |page=61}}</ref>
;{{NLD}}
*[[Royal Netherlands Air Force]]: received 75 Canadair-built NF-5A (single-seat fighter version) and 30 NF-5B (two-seat training version) between 7 October 1969 and 20 March 1972.<ref name="WAPJ 25 p98">{{harvnb|Lake|Hewson|1996|p=98}}</ref> After the aircraft were phased out and replaced by the [[F-16 Fighting Falcon]], the aircraft were initially stored at Gilze-Rijen Air Base and Woensdrecht Air Base, until 60 aircraft were sold to Turkey, 11 to Greece and 7 to Venezuela.<ref name="WAPJ 25 p98"/> Several of the remaining aircraft can be found in aviation museums and technical schools.
**No. 313 Squadron; Twenthe Air Base. Formed September 1972, transitioned to F-16 in 1987.<ref name="WAPJ 25 p99">{{harvnb|Lake|Hewson|1996|p=99}}</ref>
**No. 314 Squadron; Eindhoven Air Base. Converted from F-84F from June 1970, and was fully equipped in November that year. The squadron transitioned to the F-16 in April 1990.<ref name="WAPJ 25 p99"/>
**No. 315 Squadron, Operation Conversion Unit (OCU); Twenthe Air Base (transitioned to F-16 in 1986)
**No. 316 Squadron; Gilze-Rijen Air Base (transitioned to F-16 in 1991)
**Field Technic Training Unit NF-5 (1971–1984); Twenthe Air Base
;{{flag|North Yemen}}
*[[Yemen Air Force|Yemen Arab Republic Air Force]]: four F-5B trainers were transferred from [[Saudi Arabia]], and twelve F-5E fighters delivered from the United States (but also paid for by Saudi Arabia) in 1979.<ref name="HSOY 1 p40">{{harvnb|Cooper|2017|p=40}}</ref> Several additional aircraft were later donated by the Saudis as attrition replacements.  The surviving aircraft were passed on to the reunified Yemeni Air Force in 1994.
;{{flaglist|Norway}}
*[[Royal Norwegian Air Force]]: received a total of 108 F-5A, F-5B and RF-5A from 1966 to 1971.
**No. 332 Squadron; Rygge Air Station.
**No. 334 Squadron; Bodø Air Station. Transitioned to F-16 in 1982.
**No. 336 Squadron; Rygge Air Station. Operated F-5 until 2000.
**No. 338 Squadron; Ørland Air Station. Primary air-to-ground missions. Transitioned to F-16 in 1985.
**No. 717 Squadron; Rygge Air Station. Reconnaissance squadron. Operated RF-5A until 1979.
**No. 718 Squadron; Sola Air Station.
;{{PHL}}
*[[Philippine Air Force]] received 19 F-5A (single seat) and three F-5B (two seat) aircraft in 1965–1967. In 1989, the PAF received three ex-Taiwanese F-5A and one F-5B.<ref>[http://books.sipri.org/files/RR/SIPRIRR13.pdf "Arms, Transparency and Security in South-East Asia"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805045821/http://books.sipri.org/files/RR/SIPRIRR13.pdf |date=5 August 2009}} ''books.sipri.org'', 1997, p. 113. Retrieved: 14 September 2009.</ref> In the 1990s, at least eight ex-South Korean F-5A and two Jordanian F-5A were acquired. The Philippines decommissioned its F-5A/B fleet in 2005.<ref name=PAF_to_buy_6 />
;{{SAU}}
*[[Royal Saudi Air Force]]: From 1974 to 1985 received a total of 20 F-5Bs, 109 F-5E/Fs and 10 RF-5Es.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.the-northrop-f-5-enthusiast-page.info/AirForces/SaudiArabiaAF.html |title=Saudi Arabia AF |access-date=24 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125073932/http://www.the-northrop-f-5-enthusiast-page.info/AirForces/SaudiArabiaAF.html |archive-date=25 November 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php |title=Trade Registers |access-date=24 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229003804/http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php |archive-date=29 December 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
;{{SGP}}
*[[Republic of Singapore Air Force]]: operated 32 F-5S, 9 F-5T and 8 RF-5S fighters in 2011.<ref name="AFM275"/> Mostly retired by 2014 except a few left for training,<ref>{{cite news|url= http://defense-update.com/20141023_f5tiger.html|title= Keeping the Tigers Flying|author= Tamir Eshel|date= 23 October 2014|journal= [[Defense Update]]|access-date= 16 May 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180710163526/https://defense-update.com/20141023_f5tiger.html|archive-date= 10 July 2018|url-status= dead}}</ref> before retiring all in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mindef.gov.sg/web/portal/rsaf/rsaf-forces/assets |title=RSAF - Assets |access-date=10 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710133125/https://www.mindef.gov.sg/web/portal/rsaf/rsaf-forces/assets |archive-date=10 July 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
;{{flag|South Vietnam}}
*[[Republic of Vietnam Air Force]] received a fleet of 158 former US, South Korean, Iranian, and Taiwanese F-5A Freedom Fighters, 10 RF-5A and eight F-5B trainers, USA also provided newer F-5E Tiger IIs, most of F-5s were evacuated to Thailand in 1975, but many were captured by [[Vietnam People's Army|People's Army]].
** 538th Fighter Squadron, Da Nang AB, F-5A/B Freedom Fighter
** 522nd Fighter Squadron, Bien Hoa AB, F-5A/B and RF-5A Freedom Fighter
** 536th Fighter Squadron, Bien Hoa AB, F-5A/B Freedom Fighter and F-5E Tiger II
** 540th Fighter Squadron, Bien Hoa AB, F-5A Freedom Fighter and F-5E Tiger II
** 542nd Fighter Squadron, Bien Hoa AB, F-5A Freedom Fighter
** 544th Fighter Squadron, Bien Hoa AB, F-5A Freedom Fighter
** 716th Reconnaissance Squadron, Tan Son Nhut AB, RF-5A Freedom Fighter
;{{TUR}}
*[[Turkish Air Force]]: More than 175 F-5A/Bs were retired.
;{{URS}}
*F-5Es were received from Vietnam and the [[Derg]] regime in Ethiopia for performance tests and evaluation flights. They were tested in mock combat against MiG-21 and MiG-23 aircraft, ultimately aiding in the development of the MiG-23MLD and the [[Mikoyan MiG-29|MiG-29]].<ref name="ИСПЫТАНИЯ НА ВОЛЖСКИХ БЕРЕГАХ">Kondaurov, V. N. [http://www.testpilot.ru/review/runway/volga/volga_xvi.htm "Взлетная полоса длиною в жизнь." (in Russian)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917125045/http://www.testpilot.ru/review/runway/volga/volga_xvi.htm |date=17 September 2011}} ''testpilot.ru.'' Retrieved: 30 June 2011.</ref><ref>Book: US Aircraft in the Soviet Union and Russia, Authors Yefim Gordon, Sergey& Dmitriy Komissarov. Midland publishing UK. Page 249 to Page 254 {{ISBN|978-1-85780-308-2}}</ref>
;{{flag|Sudan}}
*[[Sudanese Air Force]]: 10 F-5Es and two F-5F were delivered in 1978, One of the F-5Fs was sold to [[Jordan]]. Further, two F-5s defected to Sudan from [[Ethiopia]] during the Ogaden crisis.<ref name="WAPJ 25 p103"/>
;{{TWN-ROC}}
*[[Republic of China Air Force]]: Received 115 F-5A and B from 1965, 48 were transferred to South Vietnam before 1975. From 1973 to 1986, Taiwan produced 308 F-5E/Fs under license.<ref name="WAPJ 25 p104"/> Later batches of locally AIDC licensed production of Tiger IIs were fitted with flare/chaff dispensers, plus handling qualities upgrades with enlarged [[leading edge extension|LEX]] and F-20's shark nose, and radar warning receivers (RWR).<ref name=Johnsen_p35/><ref name="WAPJ 25 p77">{{harvnb|Lake|Hewson|1996|p=77}}</ref> All F-5s are retired in November 2023, with its current roles assumed by the newly acquired [[F-16V]] and [[AIDC T-5 Brave Eagle|T-5]].{{cn|date=November 2024}}
;{{USA}}
*[[United States Air Force]]
**Continental United States–based units
***[[64th Aggressor Squadron]] (1976–1988) [[Nellis Air Force Base]], [[Nevada]]
***[[65th Aggressor Squadron]] (1975–1989) Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada
***[[425th Tactical Fighter Training Squadron]] (1973–1989) [[Luke Air Force Base]], [[Arizona]]
**[[United States Air Forces Europe]] (USAFE)
***[[527th Space Aggressor Squadron|527th Aggressor Squadron]] (1976–1988) [[RAF Alconbury]], [[England]]
**[[Pacific Air Forces]] (PACAF)
***4503rd Tactical Fighter Squadron (October 1965 - April 1966) Bien Hoa AB and Da Nang AB, Republic of Vietnam
***[[10th Airborne Command and Control Squadron|10th Fighter Commando Squadron]] (April 1966 - June 1967)
***[[26th Space Aggressor Squadron|26th Aggressor Squadron]] (1977–1988) [[Clark Air Base]], [[Philippines]]
[[File:F-5N of VFC-111 at NAS Key West in November 2014.JPG|thumb|F-5N in service with US Navy aggressor squadron [[VFC-111]]]]
*[[United States Navy]]
**[[VFC-13]]
**[[VF-43]]
**[[VF-45 (1963-96)|VF-45]]
**[[VFC-111]]
**[[VF-126]]
**[[VFA-127]]
**[[VFC-204]]
*[[United States Marine Corps]]
**[[VMFT-401]]
**[[VMFT-402]]
;{{VEN}}
*[[Venezuelan Air Force]] 27 aircraft acquired (16 CF-5As, 4 CF-5Ds, 1 NF-5A, 6 NF-5Bs), 9 lost to accidents. The last unit recorded to have flown did it in 2010.<ref name="fav-club.com"/>{{unreliable source?|date=December 2022}} {{as of|2021}}, all F-5 fleet was retired, and its role is replaced by [[Hongdu JL-8|Hongdu K-8W]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Key Publishing]]|date=2021-03-21|access-date=2023-11-04|title=An insight into Venezuela's modern air force|first1=Erwin|last1=Fuguet|first2=Santiago |last2=Rivas|url=https://www.key.aero/article/insight-venezuelas-modern-air-force}}</ref>
;{{VNM}}
*[[Vietnam People's Air Force]] (several captured ex-[[Republic of Vietnam Air Force|RVNAF]] aircraft). One F-5E (s/n 73-00867) was transferred to the Soviet Union for evaluation flights, i.e. against the MiG-21bis; 40+ F-5E/F/C were in VNAF's service.<ref>Gordon 2008, pp. 403–410.</ref> After the Vietnam War, Vietnamese forces used the captured F-5 fleet against [[People's Liberation Army|Chinese forces]] during [[Sino-Vietnamese War]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}