Editing Modafinil (section)

====Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (research)==== <!-- This "(research)" in the heading is not redundant, it is used to distinguish between the same topic in the uses section, and is used as a wikilink target. -->
Modafinil was considered for the treatment of ADHD because of its lower [[abuse potential]] than conventional psychostimulants<ref name="pmid38725665"/> like methylphenidate and amphetamines.<ref name="pmid16623645" /><ref name="pmid27810669">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang SM, Han C, Lee SJ, Jun TY, Patkar AA, Masand PS, Pae CU | title = Modafinil for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis | journal = Journal of Psychiatric Research | volume = 84 | pages = 292–300 | date = January 2017 | pmid = 27810669 | doi = 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.09.034 }}</ref> In 2008, an application to market modafinil for pediatric ADHD was submitted to the [[Food and Drug Administration]] in the US.<ref name="pmid18729534">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kumar R | title = Approved and Investigational Uses of Modafinil | journal = Drugs | volume = 68 | issue = 13 | pages = 1803–1839 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18729534 | doi = 10.2165/00003495-200868130-00003 | s2cid = 38542387 }}</ref><ref name="pmid38433530"/>

However, evidence of modafinil for treatment of adult ADHD is mixed, and a 2016 systematic review of alternative drug therapies for adult ADHD did not recommend its use in this context.<ref name="pmid26693882">{{cite journal | vauthors = Buoli M, Serati M, Cahn W | title = Alternative pharmacological strategies for adult ADHD treatment: a systematic review | journal = Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics | volume = 16 | issue = 2 | pages = 131–144 | date = 2016 | pmid = 26693882 | doi = 10.1586/14737175.2016.1135735 | s2cid = 33004517 }}</ref> In a later large [[Phase III trial|phase&nbsp;3]] clinical trial of modafinil for adult ADHD, modafinil was not effective in improving symptoms, there was also a high rate of side effects (86%) and discontinuation (47%).<ref name="pmid30453134">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kooij JJ, Bijlenga D, Salerno L, Jaeschke R, Bitter I, Balázs J, Thome J, Dom G, Kasper S, Nunes Filipe C, Stes S, Mohr P, Leppämäki S, Casas M, Bobes J, Mccarthy JM, Richarte V, Kjems Philipsen A, Pehlivanidis A, Niemela A, Styr B, Semerci B, Bolea-Alamanac B, Edvinsson D, Baeyens D, Wynchank D, Sobanski E, Philipsen A, McNicholas F, Caci H, Mihailescu I, Manor I, Dobrescu I, Saito T, Krause J, Fayyad J, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Foeken K, Rad F, Adamou M, Ohlmeier M, Fitzgerald M, Gill M, Lensing M, Motavalli Mukaddes N, Brudkiewicz P, Gustafsson P, Tani P, Oswald P, Carpentier PJ, De Rossi P, Delorme R, Markovska Simoska S, Pallanti S, Young S, Bejerot S, Lehtonen T, Kustow J, Müller-Sedgwick U, Hirvikoski T, Pironti V, Ginsberg Y, Félegyházy Z, Garcia-Portilla MP, Asherson P | title = Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD | journal = European Psychiatry | volume = 56 | pages = 14–34 | date = February 2019 | pmid = 30453134 | doi = 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.11.001 | s2cid = 53714228 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi | hdl = 10651/51910 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> The poor [[tolerability]] of modafinil in this study was possibly due to the use of high doses ({{Val|210|-|510|u=mg/day}}).<ref name="pmid30453134" /> Another reason for the denial of the approval was due to concerns about rare but serious dermatological toxicity in [[Stevens–Johnson syndrome]].<ref name="pmid18729534" />

The research on the use of modafinil for treating individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) who also exhibit ADHD symptoms is currently in its early stages with no results delivered.<ref name="pmid39004333">{{cite journal |vauthors=Martins PL, Torquato GC, Dias GA, Leite IB, Gaspar TM, Pinto JP, Macedo DS |title=Effectiveness of pharmacological interventions for managing ADHD symptoms in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry |volume=134 |issue= |pages=111089 |date=August 2024 |pmid=39004333 |doi=10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111089 |url=}}</ref>