Editing Medical ultrasound (section)

===Studies on the safety of ultrasound===
* A meta-analysis of several ultrasonography studies published in 2000 found no statistically significant harmful effects from ultrasonography. It was noted that there is a lack of data on long-term substantive outcomes such as neurodevelopment.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=11070816 |year=2000 |last1=Bricker |first1=L |last2=Garcia |first2=J |last3=Henderson |first3=J |last4=Mugford |first4=M |last5=Neilson |first5=J |last6=Roberts |first6=T |last7=Martin |first7=MA |title=Ultrasound screening in pregnancy: A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and women's views |volume=4 |issue=16 |pages=i–vi, 1–193 |journal=Health Technology Assessment|doi=10.3310/hta4160 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* A study at the [[Yale School of Medicine]] published in 2006 found a small but significant correlation between prolonged and frequent use of ultrasound and abnormal neuronal migration in mice.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1073/pnas.0605294103 |title=Prenatal exposure to ultrasound waves impacts neuronal migration in mice |year=2006 |last1=Ang |first1=E. S. B. C. |last2=Gluncic |first2=V. |last3=Duque |first3=A. |last4=Schafer |first4=M. E. |last5=Rakic |first5=P. |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=103 |issue=34 |pages=12903–10 |pmid=16901978 |pmc=1538990|bibcode=2006PNAS..10312903A |doi-access=free }}{{primary source inline|date=April 2013}}</ref>
* A study performed in Sweden in 2001<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1097/00001648-200111000-00007 |title=Sinistrality—a side-effect of prenatal sonography: A comparative study of young men |year=2001 |last1=Kieler |first1=Helle |last2=Cnattingius |first2=Sven |last3=Haglund |first3=Bengt |last4=Palmgren |first4=Juni |last5=Axelsson |first5=Ove |journal=Epidemiology |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=618–23 |pmid=11679787|s2cid=32614593 |doi-access=free }}{{primary source inline|date=April 2013}}</ref> has shown that subtle effects of neurological damage linked to ultrasound were implicated by an increased incidence in left-handedness in boys (a marker for brain problems when not hereditary) and speech delays.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1136/bmj.307.6897.159 |title=Routine ultrasonography in utero and subsequent handedness and neurological development |year=1993 |last1=Salvesen |first1=K A |last2=Vatten |first2=L J |last3=Eik-Nes |first3=S H |last4=Hugdahl |first4=K |last5=Bakketeig |first5=L S |journal=BMJ |volume=307 |issue=6897 |pages=159–64 |pmid=7688253 |pmc=1678377}}{{primary source inline|date=April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0378-3782(97)00097-2|year=1998 |title=Routine ultrasound screening in pregnancy and the children's subsequent handedness |last1=Kieler |first1=Helle |last2=Axelsson |first2=Ove |last3=Haglund |first3=Bengt |last4=Nilsson |first4=Staffan |last5=Salvesen |first5=Kjell Å. |journal=Early Human Development |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=233–45 |pmid=9483394}}{{primary source inline|date=April 2013}}</ref>
** The above findings, however, were not confirmed in a follow-up study.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/uog.8962 |pmid=21305639 |title=Handedness in the Helsinki Ultrasound Trial |year=2011 |last1=Heikkilä |first1=K. |last2=Vuoksimaa |first2=E. |last3=Oksava |first3=K. |last4=Saari-Kemppainen |first4=A. |last5=Iivanainen |first5=M. |journal=Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology |volume=37 |issue=6 |pages=638–642|s2cid=23916007 |doi-access=free }}{{primary source inline|date=April 2013}}</ref>
** A later study, however, performed on a larger sample of 8865 children, has established a statistically significant, albeit weak association of ultrasonography exposure and being non-right handed later in life.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/uog.9055 |pmid=21584892 |title=Ultrasound in pregnancy and non-right handedness: Meta-analysis of randomized trials |year=2011 |last1=Salvesen |first1=K. Å. |journal=Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=267–271|s2cid=5135695 |doi-access=free }}</ref>