Editing Kidney stone disease (section)

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name=Anoia2009>{{cite book|veditors=Graham SD, Keane TE|title=Glenn's Urologic Surgery|edition=7th|vauthors=Anoia EJ, Paik ML, Resnick MI|chapter=Ch. 7: Anatrophic Nephrolithomy|pages=45–50|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|year=2009|isbn=978-0-7817-9141-0|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GahMzaKgMKAC&q=nephrolithiasis+diagnosis+radiographic&pg=PA45|access-date=6 November 2020|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414030139/https://books.google.com/books?id=GahMzaKgMKAC&q=nephrolithiasis+diagnosis+radiographic&pg=PA45|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name=AUA2009>{{cite web|author=Shock Wave Lithotripsy Task Force|title=Current Perspective on Adverse Effects in Shock Wave Lithotripsy|work=Clinical Guidelines|publisher=[[American Urological Association]]|location=Linthicum, Maryland|year=2009|url=https://www.auanet.org/common/pdf/education/clinical-guidance/Shock-Wave-Therapy-WP.pdf|access-date=13 October 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718072759/http://www.auanet.org/common/pdf/education/clinical-guidance/Shock-Wave-Therapy-WP.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

<ref name=Bigelow1878>{{cite book|vauthors=Bigelow HJ|author-link=Henry Jacob Bigelow|title=Litholapaxy or rapid lithotrity with evacuation|page=29|publisher=A. Williams and Company|location=Boston|year=1878|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UUkSAAAAYAAJ|access-date=25 August 2020|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414060039/https://books.google.com/books?id=UUkSAAAAYAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name=Bushinsky2007>{{cite book | veditors = Brenner BM |title=Brenner and Rector's The Kidney|edition=8th|volume=1| vauthors = Bushinsky D, Coe FL, Moe OW | chapter = Ch. 37: Nephrolithiasis|pages=1299–349|publisher=WB Saunders|location=Philadelphia|year=2007|isbn=978-1-4160-3105-5|chapter-url=http://www.expertconsultbook.com/expertconsult/op/book.do?method=display&type=bookPage&decorator=none&eid=4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-3105-5..50039-6&isbn=978-1-4160-3105-5#lpState=open&lpTab=contentsTab&content=4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-3105-5..50039-6%3Bfrom%3Dtoc%3Btype%3DbookPage%3Bisbn%3D978-1-4160-3105-5&search=none|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008090923/http://www.expertconsultbook.com/expertconsult/op/book.do?method=display&type=bookPage&decorator=none&eid=4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-3105-5..50039-6&isbn=978-1-4160-3105-5#lpState=open&lpTab=contentsTab&content=4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-3105-5..50039-6%3Bfrom%3Dtoc%3Btype%3DbookPage%3Bisbn%3D978-1-4160-3105-5&search=none|archive-date=8 October 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

<ref name=Cameron1987>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cameron JS, Simmonds HA | title = Use and abuse of allopurinol | journal = British Medical Journal | volume = 294 | issue = 6586 | pages = 1504–5 | date = June 1987 | pmid = 3607420 | pmc = 1246665 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.294.6586.1504 }}</ref>

<ref name=Carr1990>{{cite journal | vauthors = Carr MC, Prien EL, Babayan RK | title = Triamterene nephrolithiasis: renewed attention is warranted | journal = The Journal of Urology | volume = 144 | issue = 6 | pages = 1339–40 | date = December 1990 | pmid = 2231920 | doi = 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)39734-3 }}</ref>

<ref name=Cavendish2008>{{cite book|vauthors=Cavendish M|title=Diseases and Disorders|edition=1st|volume=2|chapter=Kidney disorders|pages=490–3|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation|location=Tarrytown, New York|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7614-7772-3|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5fGm_7ThKEC&q=0761477721&pg=PA507|access-date=6 November 2020|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414055706/https://books.google.com/books?id=L5fGm_7ThKEC&q=0761477721&pg=PA507|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name=Coe2005>{{cite journal | vauthors = Coe FL, Evan A, Worcester E | title = Kidney stone disease | journal = The Journal of Clinical Investigation | volume = 115 | issue = 10 | pages = 2598–608 | date = October 2005 | pmid = 16200192 | pmc = 1236703 | doi = 10.1172/JCI26662 }}</ref>

<ref name=Collier1831>{{cite book  | vauthors = Celsus AC |author-link=Aulus Cornelius Celsus| veditors = Collier GF |title=A translation of the eight books of Aul. Corn. Celsus on medicine|edition=2nd|chapter=Book VII, Chapter XXVI: Of the operation necessary in a suppression of urine, and lithotomy |pages=306–14 |publisher=Simpkin and Marshall |location=London |year=1831 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p2kFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA311|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140708104311/http://books.google.com/books?id=p2kFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA311 |archive-date=8 July 2014 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

<ref name=Coskun1993>{{cite journal | vauthors = Coşkun T, Ozalp I, Tokatli A | title = Iminoglycinuria: a benign type of inherited aminoaciduria | journal = The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics | volume = 35 | issue = 2 | pages = 121–5 | year = 1993 | pmid = 7504361 }}</ref>

<ref name=Cutler2007>{{cite book|veditors=Cutler RE|vauthors=Preminger GM|title=The Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition|edition=3rd|chapter=Chapter 148: Stones in the Urinary Tract|publisher=[[Merck & Co.|Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation]]|location=Whitehouse Station, New Jersey|year=2007|chapter-url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/sec12/ch148/ch148a.html|title-link=Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy|access-date=7 August 2011|archive-date=8 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208070004/http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/sec12/ch148/ch148a.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name=Crixivan2010>{{cite web |title=Patient Information about Crixivan for HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) Infection|work=Crixivan® (indinavir sulfate) Capsules|publisher=Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation|location=Whitehouse Station, New Jersey|year=2010|url=http://www.merck.com/product/usa/pi_circulars/c/crixivan/crixivan_ppi.pdf|access-date=27 July 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815003924/http://www.merck.com/product/usa/pi_circulars/c/crixivan/crixivan_ppi.pdf|archive-date=15 August 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

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<ref name=Eknoyan2004>{{cite journal| vauthors = Eknoyan G |title=History of urolithiasis|journal=Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism|volume=2|issue=3|pages=177–85|year=2004|issn=1534-8644|doi=10.1385/BMM:2:3:177|s2cid=71156397}}</ref>
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<ref name=Ellis1969>{{cite book| vauthors = Ellis H |title=A History of Bladder Stone|publisher=Blackwell Scientific Publications|location=Oxford, England|year=1969|isbn=978-0-632-06140-2}}</ref>

<ref name=Evan1996>{{cite book | vauthors = Evan AP, McAteer JA |chapter= Ch. 28: Q-effects of Shock Wave Lithotripsy |title= Kidney Stones: Medical and Surgical Management | url = https://archive.org/details/kidneystonesmedi0000unse | url-access = registration | veditors = Coe FL, Favus MJ, Pak CY, Parks JH, Preminger GM |location= Philadelphia |publisher= Lippincott-Raven |year= 1996 |pages= [https://archive.org/details/kidneystonesmedi0000unse/page/549 549]–60|isbn= 978-0-7817-0263-8 }}</ref>

<ref name=Evan2007>{{cite book | vauthors = Evan AP, Willis LR |year= 2007 |chapter= Ch. 41: Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: Complications |title= Smith's Textbook on Endourology | veditors = Smith AD, Badlani GH, Bagley DH, Clayman RV, Docimo SG |location= Hamilton, Ontario, Canada |publisher= B C Decker, Inc. |pages= 353–65 }}</ref>

<ref name=Fang2009>{{cite book|veditors=Goroll AH, Mulley AG|title=Primary care medicine: office evaluation and management of the adult patient|edition=6th|vauthors=Fang LS|chapter=Chapter 135: Approach to the Paient with Nephrolithiasis|pages=962–7|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|year=2009|isbn=978-0-7817-7513-7|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bIZvJPcSEXMC&q=nephrolithiasis+%22physical+examination%22&pg=PA964|access-date=6 November 2020|archive-date=21 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321183305/https://books.google.com/books?id=bIZvJPcSEXMC&q=nephrolithiasis+%22physical+examination%22&pg=PA964|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name=Finkielstein2006>{{cite journal | vauthors = Finkielstein VA, Goldfarb DS | title = Strategies for preventing calcium oxalate stones | journal = CMAJ | volume = 174 | issue = 10 | pages = 1407–9 | date = May 2006 | pmid = 16682705 | pmc = 1455427 | doi = 10.1503/cmaj.051517 | url = http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/reprint/174/10/1407 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081015202450/http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/reprint/174/10/1407 | df = dmy-all | url-status = live | archive-date = 15 October 2008 }}</ref>

<ref name=Gettman2005>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gettman MT, Segura JW | title = Management of ureteric stones: issues and controversies | journal = BJU International | volume = 95 | issue = Suppl 2 | pages = 85–93 | date = March 2005 | pmid = 15720341 | doi = 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05206.x | s2cid = 36265416 }}</ref>

<ref name=Goldfarb1999>{{cite journal | vauthors = Goldfarb DS, Coe FL | title = Prevention of recurrent nephrolithiasis | journal = American Family Physician | volume = 60 | issue = 8 | pages = 2269–76 | date = November 1999 | pmid = 10593318 | url = http://www.aafp.org/afp/991115ap/2269.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050822183805/http://www.aafp.org/afp/991115ap/2269.html | df = dmy-all | url-status = live | archive-date = 22 August 2005 }}</ref>

<ref name=Goodwin1998>{{cite journal | vauthors = Goodwin JS, Tangum MR | title = Battling quackery: attitudes about micronutrient supplements in American academic medicine | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 158 | issue = 20 | pages = 2187–91 | date = November 1998 | pmid = 9818798 | doi = 10.1001/archinte.158.20.2187 }}</ref>

<ref name=Halabe1994>{{cite journal | vauthors = Halabe A, Sperling O | title = Uric acid nephrolithiasis | journal = Mineral and Electrolyte Metabolism | volume = 20 | issue = 6 | pages = 424–31 | year = 1994 | pmid = 7783706 }}</ref>

<ref name=Heaney2006>{{cite journal | vauthors = Heaney RP | title = Nutrition and chronic disease | journal = Mayo Clinic Proceedings | volume = 81 | issue = 3 | pages = 297–9 | date = March 2006 | pmid = 16529131 | doi = 10.4065/81.3.297 | df = dmy-all | doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name=Heptinstall2007>{{cite book|veditors=Jennette JC, Olson JL, Schwartz MM, Silva FG|title=Heptinstall's Pathology of the Kidney|edition=6th|volume=2|vauthors=Weiss M, Liapis H, Tomaszewski JE, Arend LJ|chapter=Chapter 22: Pyelonephritis and Other Infections, Reflux Nephropathy, Hydronephrosis, and Nephrolithiasis|pages=991–1082|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7817-4750-9|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oWymx2hp1OoC&q=%22AA+amyloidosis%22+pyelonephritis&pg=PA886|access-date=6 November 2020|archive-date=20 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320231125/https://books.google.com/books?id=oWymx2hp1OoC&q=%22AA+amyloidosis%22+pyelonephritis&pg=PA886|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name=HFCS>{{cite journal | vauthors = Knight J, Assimos DG, Easter L, Holmes RP | title = Metabolism of fructose to oxalate and glycolate | journal = Hormone and Metabolic Research | volume = 42 | issue = 12 | pages = 868–73 | date = November 2010 | pmid = 20842614 | pmc = 3139422 | doi = 10.1055/s-0030-1265145 }}</ref>

<ref name=Hoppe2003>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hoppe B, Langman CB | title = A United States survey on diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of primary hyperoxaluria | journal = Pediatric Nephrology | volume = 18 | issue = 10 | pages = 986–91 | date = October 2003 | pmid = 12920626 | doi = 10.1007/s00467-003-1234-x | s2cid = 23503869 }}</ref>

<ref name=IOM2010p8>"Summary". In {{harvnb|Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium|2011|pp= 1–14}}.</ref>

<ref name=IOM2010p413>"Tolerable upper intake levels: Calcium and vitamin D". In {{harvnb|Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium|2011|pp= 403–56}}.</ref>

<ref name=Johri2010>{{cite journal | vauthors = Johri N, Cooper B, Robertson W, Choong S, Rickards D, Unwin R | title = An update and practical guide to renal stone management | journal = Nephron Clinical Practice | volume = 116 | issue = 3 | pages = c159-71 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20606476 | doi = 10.1159/000317196 | url = https://www.karger.com/Article/PDF/000317196 | doi-access = free | access-date = 18 May 2019 | archive-date = 31 January 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210131093917/https://www.karger.com/Article/PDF/000317196 | url-status = live }}</ref>

<ref name=Kamatani1996>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kamatani N | title = [Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase(APRT) deficiency] | language = ja | journal = Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine | volume = 54 | issue = 12 | pages = 3321–7 | date = December 1996 | pmid = 8976113 }}</ref>

<ref name=Knudsen2007>{{citation | vauthors = Knudsen BE, Beiko DT, Denstedt JD |title=  ''Ch. 16: "Uric Acid Urolithiasis"'' |postscript= .}} In {{harvnb|Stoller|Meng|2007|pp= 299–308}}.</ref>

<ref name=Lam2007>{{citation | vauthors = Lam JS, Gupta M |title= ''Ch. 25: "Ureteral Stents"'' |postscript= .}} In {{harvnb|Stoller|Meng|2007|pp= 465–83}}.</ref>

<ref name=Liebman2011>{{cite journal | vauthors = Liebman M, Al-Wahsh IA | title = Probiotics and other key determinants of dietary oxalate absorption | journal = Advances in Nutrition | volume = 2 | issue = 3 | pages = 254–60 | date = May 2011 | pmid = 22332057 | pmc = 3090165 | doi = 10.3945/an.111.000414 | url = http://advances.nutrition.org/content/2/3/254.full.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160116135506/http://advances.nutrition.org/content/2/3/254.full.pdf | df = dmy-all | url-status = live | archive-date = 16 January 2016 }}</ref>

<ref name=Lingeman2007>{{cite book | vauthors = Lingeman JE, Matlaga BR, Evan AP |year= 2007 |chapter= Surgical Management of Urinary Lithiasis |title= Campbell-Walsh Urology | veditors = Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, Partin AW, Peters CA |location= Philadelphia |publisher= W. B. Saunders |pages= 1431–1507}}</ref>

<ref name=Macaluso1999>{{cite journal | vauthors = Macaluso JN | title = Management of stone disease--bearing the burden | journal = The Journal of Urology | volume = 156 | issue = 5 | pages = 1579–80 | date = November 1996 | pmid = 8863542 | doi = 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65452-1 }}</ref>

<ref name=Marks2011>{{citation | vauthors = Marks AJ, Qiu J, Milner TE, Chan KF, Teichman JM |title= ''Ch. 26: "Laser Lithotripsy Physics"'' |date= 6 January 2011 |publisher= Springer |isbn= 978-1-84800-362-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LlJy5XJOkSkC&pg=PA302 |access-date=6 November 2020|url-status=live|archive-date=20 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220110253/https://books.google.com/books?id=LlJy5XJOkSkC&pg=PA302}} in {{harvnb|Rao|Preminger|Kavanagh|2011|pp=301–310}}.</ref>

<ref name=McNutt1893>{{cite book| vauthors = McNutt WF |title=Diseases of the Kidneys and Bladder: A Text-Book for Students of Medicine|chapter=Section IV: Diseases of the Bladder, Chapter VII: Vesical Calculi (Cysto-lithiasis)|pages=185–6|publisher=J.B. Lippincott Company|location=Philadelphia|year=1893|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RP0oAAAAYAAJ&q=cystolithiasis+symptoms&pg=PA185|access-date=6 November 2020|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414030140/https://books.google.com/books?id=RP0oAAAAYAAJ&q=cystolithiasis+symptoms&pg=PA185|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name=Moe2006>{{cite journal | vauthors = Moe OW | title = Kidney stones: pathophysiology and medical management | journal = Lancet | volume = 367 | issue = 9507 | pages = 333–44 | date = January 2006 | pmid = 16443041 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68071-9 | s2cid = 26581831 | url = http://emed.chris-barton.com/PDF/kidney%20stones%20pathophys%20and%20rx.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110815154001/http://emed.chris-barton.com/PDF/kidney%20stones%20pathophys%20and%20rx.pdf | df = dmy-all | url-status = live | archive-date = 15 August 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name=NAS2006>{{cite book|author=Committee on Fluoride in Drinking Water of the National Academy of Sciences|title=Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA's Standards|chapter=Chapter 9: Effects on the Renal System|pages=236–48|publisher=The National Academies Press|location=Washington, DC|year=2006|isbn=978-0-309-65799-0|chapter-url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11571&page=268|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110730220401/http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11571&page=268|archive-date=30 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

<ref name=NDDIC2006>{{cite web|author=National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse|author-link=National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse|title=Crohn's Disease (NIH Publication No. 06–3410)|work=Digestive Diseases: A-Z List of Topics and Titles|publisher=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service, United States Department of Health and Human Services|location=Bethesda, Maryland|year=2006|url=http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/crohns/|access-date=27 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140609002323/http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddISeases/pubs/crohns/|archive-date=9 June 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

<ref name=NIDDK2006>{{cite web|author=National Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service|author-link=Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service|title=Hyperparathyroidism (NIH Publication No. 6–3425)|work=Information about Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases: A-Z list of Topics and Titles|publisher=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services|location=Bethesda, Maryland|year=2006|url=http://www.endocrine.niddk.nih.gov/pubs/hyper/hyper.htm|access-date=27 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524101254/http://www.endocrine.niddk.nih.gov/pubs/hyper/hyper.htm|archive-date=24 May 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

<ref name=NIDDK2007>{{cite web|author=National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse|title=Kidney Stones in Adults (NIH Publication No. 08–2495)|work=Kidney & Urologic Diseases: A-Z list of Topics and Titles|publisher=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services|location=Bethesda, Maryland|year=2007|url=http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/stonesadults/|access-date=27 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726181803/http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/stonesadults/|archive-date=26 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

<ref name=NIDDK20084696>{{cite web|author=National Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service|title=Renal Tubular Acidosis (NIH Publication No. 09–4696)|work=Kidney & Urologic Diseases: A-Z list of Topics and Titles|publisher=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services|location=Bethesda, Maryland|year=2008|url=http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/tubularacidosis/|access-date=27 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728025351/http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/tubularacidosis/|archive-date=28 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

<ref name=NIDDK20086235>{{cite web|author=National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse|title=Medullary Sponge Kidney (NIH Publication No. 08–6235)|work=Kidney & Urologic Diseases: A-Z list of Topics and Titles|publisher=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services|location=Bethesda, Maryland|year=2008|url=http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/medullaryspongekidney/|access-date=27 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807163748/http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/medullaryspongekidney/|archive-date=7 August 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

<ref name=Parmar2004>{{cite journal | vauthors = Parmar MS | title = Kidney stones | journal = BMJ | volume = 328 | issue = 7453 | pages = 1420–4 | date = June 2004 | pmid = 15191979 | pmc = 421787 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.328.7453.1420 }}</ref>

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<ref name=Paterson2010>{{cite journal | vauthors = Paterson R, Fernandez A, Razvi H, Sutton R | title = Evaluation and medical management of the kidney stone patient | journal = Canadian Urological Association Journal | volume = 4 | issue = 6 | pages = 375–9 | date = December 2010 | pmid = 21191493 | pmc = 2997825 | doi = 10.5489/cuaj.10166 }}</ref>-->

<ref name=Pearle2007>{{cite book| veditors = Litwin MS, Saigal CS |title=Urologic Diseases in America (NIH Publication No. 07–5512)| vauthors = Pearle MS, Calhoun EA, Curhan GC |chapter=Ch. 8: Urolithiasis|pages=283–319|publisher=[[National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases]], [[National Institutes of Health]], [[United States Public Health Service]], [[United States Department of Health and Human Services]]|location=Bethesda, Maryland|year=2007|chapter-url=http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/statistics/uda/Urologic_Diseases_in_America.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018023922/http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/statistics/UDA/Urologic_Diseases_in_America.pdf|archive-date=18 October 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

<ref name=Pietrow2006>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pietrow PK, Karellas ME | title = Medical management of common urinary calculi | journal = American Family Physician | volume = 74 | issue = 1 | pages = 86–94 | date = July 2006 | pmid = 16848382 | url = http://www.aafp.org/afp/2006/0701/p86.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111123060406/http://www.aafp.org/afp/2006/0701/p86.pdf | df = dmy-all | url-status = live | archive-date = 23 November 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name=Potts2004>{{cite book| veditors = Potts JM |title=Essential Urology: A Guide to Clinical Practice| url = https://archive.org/details/essentialurology0000unse | url-access = registration |edition=1st| vauthors = Lieske JC, Segura JW |chapter= Ch. 7: Evaluation and Medical Management of Kidney Stones|pages=[https://archive.org/details/essentialurology0000unse/page/117 117]–52|publisher=Humana Press|location=Totowa, New Jersey|year=2004|isbn=978-1-58829-109-7}}</ref>

<ref name=Preminger2007>{{cite journal | vauthors = Preminger GM, Tiselius HG, Assimos DG, Alken P, Buck C, Gallucci M, Knoll T, Lingeman JE, Nakada SY, Pearle MS, Sarica K, Türk C, Wolf JS | title = 2007 guideline for the management of ureteral calculi | journal = The Journal of Urology | volume = 178 | issue = 6 | pages = 2418–34 | date = December 2007 | pmid = 17993340 | doi = 10.1016/j.juro.2007.09.107 }}</ref>

<ref name=Reilly2005Ch13>{{citation | vauthors = Reilly RF |title= ''Ch. 13: "Nephrolithiasis"'' |postscript= .}} In {{harvnb|Reilly|Perazella|2005|pp= 192–207}}.</ref>

<ref name=Reilly2005Ch14>{{citation | vauthors = Perazella MA |title= ''Ch. 14: "Urinalysis"'' |postscript= .}} In {{harvnb|Reilly|Perazella|2005|pp=209–26}}.</ref>

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<ref name=Wolf2011b>{{EMedicine|article|437096|Nephrolithiasis|Overview}} § Background.</ref>

<ref name=Wolf2011p>{{EMedicine|article|437096|Nephrolithiasis|Overview}} § Pathophysiology.</ref>

<ref name=Young2011>{{citation | vauthors = Young JG, Keeley FX |title= ''Ch. 38: "Indications for Surgical Removal, Including Asymptomatic Stones"''}} in {{harvnb|Rao|Preminger|Kavanagh|2011|pp=441–454}}.</ref>
}}

=== Notes ===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book|veditors=Ross AC, Taylor CL, Yaktine AL, Del HB|author=Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium, Institute of Medicine of the National Academies|title=Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D|publisher=The National Academies Press|location=Washington, DC|year=2011|isbn=978-0-309-16394-1|url=http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13050|ref={{Harvid|Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium|2011}}|doi=10.17226/13050|pmid=21796828|s2cid=58721779 |access-date=21 June 2011|archive-date=9 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909000908/http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13050|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|veditors=Rao PN, Preminger GM, Kavanagh JP|title=Urinary Tract Stone Disease|edition=1st |publisher=Springer-Verlag|location=London|year=2011|isbn=978-1-84800-361-3|doi=10.1007/978-1-84800-362-0_26}}
* {{cite book|veditors=Reilly RF, Perazella MA|title=Nephrology in 30 Days|edition=1st|publisher=The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.|location=New York|year=2005|isbn=978-0-07-143701-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tBGhK_1L6rAC&pg=PA195|access-date=25 August 2020|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414030630/https://books.google.com/books?id=tBGhK_1L6rAC&pg=PA195|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|veditors=Stoller ML, Meng MV|title=Urinary stone disease: the practical guide to medical and surgical management|edition=1st|publisher=Humana Press|location=Totowa, New Jersey|year=2007 |isbn=978-1-59259-972-1}}
{{Refend}}