Editing Holy Roman Empire (section)

== Notes ==
{{Notelist|refs=

{{Efn|name=GoldenBull|''Quapropter statuimus, ut illustrium principum, puta regis Boemie, comitis palatini Reni, ducis Saxonie et marchionis Brandemburgensis electorum filii vel heredes et successores, cum verisimiliter Theutonicum ydioma sibi naturaliter inditum scire presumantur et ab infancia didicisse, incipiendo a septimo etatis sue anno in gramatica, Italica ac Sclavica lingwis instruantur, ita quod infra quartum decimum etatis annum existant in talibus iuxta datam sibi a Deo graciam eruditi''. {{Harv|Zeumern|1908}}}}

{{Efn|name=Area|German "Roman" Empire: Due to feudal organization the realm controlled by the emperor is hard to define, much less measure. It is estimated to peak around 1050 at about 1.0 Mm<sup>2</sup>. {{Harv|Taagepera|1997|p=494}}}}

{{Efn|name=prince|The only prince allowed to call himself "king" of a territory in the Empire was the [[King of Bohemia]] (after 1556 usually the Emperor himself). Some other princes were kings by virtue of kingdoms they controlled outside of the Empire}}

{{Efn|name=Avakov|Populations of 1.6 million and 1.5 million given for the areas within the borders of modern Belgium and the Netherlands, respectively, around 1600; the Spanish holdings in the Burgundian Circle also included Franche-Comte, Luxembourg, and other small territories. {{Harv|Avakov|2015}}}}

{{Efn|name=Milan|1.35 million population given for the Duchy of Milan. {{Harv|Smith|1920|p= 19}}}}

{{Efn|name=Charlemagne1|While Charlemagne and his successors assumed variations of the title ''emperor'', none termed themselves ''Roman emperor'' until Otto II in 983. {{Cite web|title=Nature of the empire|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/269851/Holy-Roman-Empire/10156/Nature-of-the-empire|access-date=15 February 2014|website=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}}}

{{Efn|name=Translation|Translation of the grant of privileges to merchants in 1229: {{Cite web|title=Medieval Sourcebook: Privileges Granted to German Merchants at Novgorod, 1229|url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1229novgorod-germans.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814182510/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1229novgorod-germans.html|archive-date=14 August 2014|access-date=13 April 2020|publisher=Fordham.edu}}}}

{{Efn|name=Regensburg|Regensburg, seat of the 'Eternal Diet' after 1663, came to be viewed as the unofficial capital of the Empire by several European powers with a stake in the Empire – France, England, the Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, Denmark – and they kept more or less permanent envoys there because it was the only place in the Empire where the delegates of all the major and mid-size German states congregated and could be reached for lobbying, etc. The Habsburg emperors themselves used Regensburg in the same way. {{Harv|Härter|2011|pp=122–123, 132}}}}

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