Editing History of Latvia (section)

==== Southern ====
Latvia proposed to retain the southern border of the former Courland governorate with Lithuania unchanged, but the Lithuanians wanted to gain access to the sea, as at this time they did not control the German lands of [[Klaipėda]]. In September 1919, during an attack against the Soviets, the Lithuanian army occupied much of [[Ilūkste Municipality]] and threatened to take [[Daugavpils]] as well. Between late August and early September 1920 the Latvian army pushed the Lithuanians out.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tvnet.lv/zinas/latvija/207802-latvijas_un_lietuvas_robezas_izveidosanas |title=Latvijas un Lietuvas robežas izveidošanās |access-date=May 1, 2016 |archive-date=April 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424085202/http://www.tvnet.lv/zinas/latvija/207802-latvijas_un_lietuvas_robezas_izveidosanas |url-status=live }}</ref> The Lithuanians, weakened by [[Żeligowski's Mutiny]] of October 1920, did not escalate this confrontation. On September 25, 1920, Latvia and Lithuania agreed to have an international arbitration committee led by [[James Young Simpson (scientist)|James Young Simpson]] settle this dispute. In March 1921, Lithuania was given the port town [[Palanga]], the village of [[Šventoji, Lithuania|Šventoji]], parts of [[Rucava Municipality]] and the railroad junction of [[Mažeikiai]] on Riga – Jelgava – Liepāja railroad line, which meant that Latvia had to build a new railway line. Latvia received the town of [[Aknīste]] and some smaller territories in the [[Aknīste Municipality]], [[Ukri parish]] and [[Bauska Municipality]]. Latvia gave up 283,3 square km, while receiving 290&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. About 16 to 20 thousand ethnic Latvians thus became Lithuanian citizens.

As a result of the [[Polish–Soviet War]] of 1918–1921, Poland secured a 105&nbsp;km long border with Latvia. In July 1919 Poland announced its annexation of all lands south of [[Daugavpils]] and their inclusion in [[Braslaw]] district. Latvia could not complain, as it still needed Polish military help prior to the decisive [[Battle of Daugavpils]] of January 1920 against the Soviets. The issue was solved by a renewed Soviet attack against Poland, and later, by Polish-Lithuanian conflict over Vilnius. During the Soviet attack in July 1920, Polish forces retreated from this area, which Latvian forces then occupied. After [[Żeligowski's Mutiny]] Poland wanted to have good diplomatic relations with Latvia and did not raise any serious territorial claims. The issue was solved in February 1929, when Latvia and Poland signed a trade treaty which included a secret agreement about compensation to Polish landowners for lost properties. By 1937 Latvia had paid the full amount of 5 million golden lats.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.historia.lv/raksts/eriks-jekabsons-latvijas-un-polijas-robeza-1919-1939-gada-69-79lpp |title=Ēriks Jēkabsons. Latvijas un Polijas robeža 1919.-1939. gadā. |access-date=May 1, 2016 |archive-date=February 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213055158/https://www.historia.lv/raksts/eriks-jekabsons-latvijas-un-polijas-robeza-1919-1939-gada-69-79lpp |url-status=live }}</ref> Over some protests from Lithuania, the Latvian-Polish border was demarcated between 1933 and 1938.