Editing History of Estonia (section)

=== From 2011 to present ===

In August 2011, President [[Toomas Hendrik Ilves]] was re-elected in a vote in parliament for the second five-year term.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-estonia-president-idUSTRE77S2HA20110829|title = U.S.-educated Estonian president re-elected|newspaper = Reuters|date = 29 August 2011}}</ref> Center-right [[Reform Party of Estonia|Reform Party]] was the biggest party in 2011 and 2015 parliamentary elections.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17220814|title = Estonia profile - Timeline|work = BBC News|date = 4 March 2019}}</ref> Estonian prime minister [[Andrus Ansip]] resigned in March 2014, after nine years in office since 2005. He wanted his successor to lead the Reform Party into [[2015 Estonian parliamentary election|2015 elections.]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26430899|title = Estonia PM Ansip resigns - Europe's longest-serving PM|work = BBC News|date = 4 March 2014}}</ref> In April 2014, [[Taavi Rõivas]] of the Reform party became new prime minister.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-estonia-idUSBREA371Z720140408|title = Estonia's new PM says Russia sanctions would hurt, but may be needed|newspaper = Reuters|date = 8 April 2014|last1 = Mardiste|first1 = David}}</ref> In October 2016, Estonia's parliament elected [[Kersti Kaljulaid]] as the new president of Estonia. The role of president is a largely ceremonial.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/surprise-candidate-elected-as-estonias-first-female-president/a-35950066|title = Surprise candidate elected as Estonia's first female president &#124; DW &#124; 03.10.2016|website = [[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> In November 2016, chairman of the [[Centre Party of Estonia|Centre Party]] [[Jüri Ratas]] became the new prime minister of Estonia, after Prime Minister Taavi Rõivas had lost a parliamentary vote on confidence.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-estonia-government-nomination-idUSKBN13F0EK|title=Center-left leader nominated as Estonia's next PM|newspaper=Reuters|date=20 November 2016}}</ref>

In March 2019, Estonian parliamentary [[2019 Estonian parliamentary election|election]] the center-right opposition party Reform won the elections and ruling Centre was the second. Far-right [[Conservative People's Party of Estonia]] (EKRE) came third.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47430993|title = Estonia general election: Opposition party beats Centre rivals|work = BBC News|date = 3 March 2019}}</ref> After the election prime minister Ratas formed a new three-party coalition government with far-right EKRE and rightwing [[Isamaa]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/estonia-tallinn-joins-the-far-right-club-martin-helme-mart-helme-kersti-kaljulaid-populism/|title=Estonia joins the far-right club|date=30 April 2019}}</ref>
In January 2021, prime minister Jüri Ratas resigned over a corruption scandal in his Centre Party.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/13/estonias-pm-resigns-over-corruption-scandal-in-his-party|title = Estonia's PM resigns over corruption scandal in his party}}</ref> The leader of Reform party [[Kaja Kallas]] formed a new two-party coalition government between the Reform and Center parties. She was the first female prime minister of Estonia. Her father [[Siim Kallas]] was the founder of the Reform party and he was prime minister of Estonia in 2002–2003.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/26/estonia-first-female-pm-appointed-as-new-government-takes-power|title = Estonia's first female PM sworn in as new government takes power|website = [[TheGuardian.com]]|date = 26 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/estonia-to-get-first-female-prime-minister/a-56330397|title=Estonia to get first female prime minister &#124; DW &#124; 24.01.2021|website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref>

==== Female leadership 2021 ====

After the formation of the new government in 2021, Estonia was the only country in the world that was led by elected women as the head of state and as the head of government: both the president, Kersti Kaljulaid, and prime minister, Kaja Kallas, were female.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://estonianworld.com/life/estonia-becomes-the-only-country-in-the-world-led-by-women/|title=Estonia becomes the only country in the world led by women|date=26 January 2021}}</ref>
In the cabinet of Kaja Kallas there were also several women in other key positions, both foreign minister and finance minister were female.<ref>{{cite news |title=Estonia's New Government Sworn in With First-Ever Female PM |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2021-01-26/estonias-new-government-sworn-in-with-first-ever-female-pm}}</ref> Mr. [[Alar Karis]] was sworn in as Estonia's sixth President on 11 October 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.euronews.com/2021/10/12/alar-karis-sworn-in-as-estonia-s-new-president|title = Alar Karis sworn in as Estonia's new president|date = 12 October 2021}}</ref>

==== Since 2022 ====

In July 2022, Prime Minister Kaja Kallas formed a new three-party coalition by her liberal Reform Party, the Social Democrats and the conservative Isamaa party. Her previous government had lost its parliamentary majority after the center-left Center Party left the coalition.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Welle (www.dw.com) |first1=Deutsche |title=Estonia: New cabinet sworn into office {{!}} DW {{!}} 18.07.2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/estonia-new-cabinet-sworn-into-office/a-62514862 |work=DW.COM}}</ref>

In March 2023, the Reform party, led by Prime Minister Kaja Kallas, won the parliamentary [[2023 Estonian parliamentary election|election]], taking 31,4% of the vote. Far-right Conservative People's Party came second with 16,1 % and the third was the Centre Party with 15% of the vote.<ref>{{cite news |title=Estonia's centre-right Reform Party comes first in general election |url=https://www.euronews.com/2023/03/06/estonias-centre-right-reform-party-comes-first-in-parliamentary-elections |work=euronews |date=6 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref> In April 2023, Kallas formed her third government, which included in addition to Reform Party, also the liberal [[Estonia 200]] and the [[Social Democratic Party (Estonia)|Social Democratic (SDE)]] parties.<ref>{{cite news |title=Estonia: Kaja Kallas's third government |url=https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/analyses/2023-04-13/estonia-kaja-kallass-third-government |work=OSW Centre for Eastern Studies |date=13 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

In July 2024, [[Kristen Michal]] became Estonia's new prime minister to succeed Kaja Kallas, who resigned as prime minister on July 15 to become the European Union's new [[High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Estonia's parliament backs Kristen Michal as new PM |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/estonia-parliament-backs-kristen-michal-new-prime-minister/ |work=POLITICO |date=22 July 2024}}</ref>