Editing Cluj-Napoca (section)

==Education==
[[File:BCU Cluj-Napoca.jpg|thumb|The [[Central University Library of Cluj-Napoca|Central University Library]]]]
[[File:Cluj-Napoca University of Babes-Bolyai.JPG|thumb|The main building of [[Babeș-Bolyai University]]]]
Higher education has a long tradition in Cluj-Napoca. The [[Babeș-Bolyai University]] (UBB) is the largest in the country, with approximately 50,000 students<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Babeș-Bolyai University today |url=http://www.ubbcluj.ro/ro/publice/files/statistica.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408202135/http://www.ubbcluj.ro/ro/publice/files/statistica.pdf |archive-date=8 April 2008 |access-date=2008-03-12 |publisher=UBB |language=ro}}</ref> attending various specialisations in [[Romanian language|Romanian]], [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], German and English. Its name commemorates two important [[Transylvania]]n figures, the Romanian physician [[Victor Babeș]] and the Hungarian mathematician [[János Bolyai]]. The university claims roots as far back as 1581, when a [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] college opened in Cluj, but it was in 1872 that emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Franz Joseph]] founded the University of Cluj, later renamed the ''Franz Joseph University'' (József Ferenc Tudományegyetem).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Învățământul universitar în Transilvania |url=http://www.cs.ubbcluj.ro/www/index.php?module=pagemaster&PAGE_user_op=view_page&PAGE_id=72&MMN_position=243:243 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011094242/http://cs.ubbcluj.ro/www/index.php?module=pagemaster&PAGE_user_op=view_page&PAGE_id=72&MMN_position=243:243 |archive-date=11 October 2007 |access-date=2008-03-12 |publisher=Babeș-Bolyai University – The Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science |language=ro}}</ref> During 1919, immediately after the end of World War I, the university was moved to [[Budapest]], where it stayed until 1921, after which it was moved to the Hungarian city of [[Szeged]]. Briefly, it returned to Cluj in the first half of the 1940s, when the city came back under Hungarian administration, but it was again relocated in Szeged, following the reincorporation of Cluj into Romanian territory. The Romanian branch acquired the name ''Babeș''; a Hungarian university, ''Bolyai'', was established in 1945, and the two were merged in 1959. The city also hosts nine other universities, among them the [[Technical University of Cluj-Napoca|Technical University]], the [[Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy]], the [[University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca]] (USAMV), the [[Art and Design University of Cluj-Napoca|University of Arts and Design]], the [[Gheorghe Dima Music Academy]] and other private universities and educational institutes.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}

The first mention of public education provided in the city dates back to 1409, namely the caption "Caspar notarius et rector scholarum" ("Caspar secretary and director of schools").<ref name="Clujeanet-1">{{Cite web |title=Istoria Clujului – Primele școli |url=http://www.clujnet.com/romana/001_cluj_napoca/istorie/06-primele_scoli.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080130171606/http://www.clujnet.com/romana/001_cluj_napoca/istorie/06-primele_scoli.htm |archive-date=30 January 2008 |access-date=2008-05-14 |publisher=Clujnet.com |language=ro}}</ref> Concomitantly, a [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] school founded during the 14th century also functioned in the city.<ref name="Clujeanet-1"/>
Today close to 150 pre-university educational institutions operate in Cluj-Napoca, including 62 kindergartens, 30 primary schools and 45 high schools.<ref name="Cluj-Napoca City Hall"/> Their activity is supervised by the County Board for Education. Most schools are taught in [[Romanian language|Romanian]]; nonetheless, there are some [[Hungarian language|Hungarian-language]] schools (Báthory István, Apáczai Csere János and Brassai Sámuel high schools), as well as mixed schools—e.g., George Coșbuc and Onisifor Ghibu high schools with Romanian/German classes and Romanian/Hungarian classes, respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Clujul multicultural. Strategia de dezvoltare a municipiului Cluj |url=http://www.edrc.ro/docs/docs/Strategia%20Cluj.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529112358/http://www.edrc.ro/docs/docs/Strategia%20Cluj.pdf |archive-date=29 May 2008 |access-date=2008-05-15 |publisher=Centrul de Resurse pentru Diversitate Etnoculturală |language=ro}}</ref> Statistics show that 18,208 students were enrolled in the city's secondary school system during the 1993–94 school year, while a further 7,660 attended one of the 18 professional schools.<ref name="Veres-1995">{{Cite journal |last=Veres |first=Enikö |date=1995 |title=Educational Function of Cluj-Napoca City |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=219513 |url-status=live |journal=Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai |volume=44 |issue=1–2 |pages=79–82 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526041057/https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=219513 |archive-date=26 May 2018 |access-date=2008-05-15}}</ref> In the same year, another 37,111 pupils and 9,711 children were registered for primary and [[pre-school]], respectively.<ref name="Veres-1995"/>