Editing Art Nouveau (section)

===Architecture and ornamentation===
{{see also|Art Nouveau religious buildings}}
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File:Entrance - Hôtel Solvay - 1898.jpg|Entrance of [[Hôtel Solvay]] in [[Brussels]] by [[Victor Horta]] (1895–1900)
File:Eléments de décor dun immeuble art nouveau (Paris) (4810271270).jpg|Thistles and curve-lined [[mascaron (architecture)|mascarons]] in decoration of Les Chardons building in [[Paris]] by Charles Klein (1903)
File:Витебский вокзал. Картинный зал.jpg|Whiplash motifs at [[Vitebsky railway station]] in [[Saint Petersburg]] by Sima Mihash and Stanislav Brzozowski (1904)
File:Mascara Fachada BA.jpg|One of the mascarons made by [[Adamo Boari]] in the façade of the [[Palacio de Bellas Artes]] in [[Mexico City]] (1904–1934)
File:Immeuble De Beck Brussels.jpg|Asymmetric façade with curved lines of De Beck building in Brussels by [[Gustave Strauven]] (1905)
File:Art Nouveau architecture in Strasbourg 02.JPG|Irises and mascaron at the façade of Schichtel building in [[Strasbourg]], France, by Aloys Walter (1905–06)
File:Immeuble art nouveau (Riga) (7575658724).jpg|[[Jugendstil]] straight-lined [[mascaron (architecture)|mascaron]] in [[Riga]] (1906)
Art Nouveau relief on Strada Sfinților from Bucharest (Romania).jpg|Relief on the façade of the Fanny and Isac Popper House (Strada Sfinților no. 1) in [[Bucharest]], designed by [[Alfred Popper]] (1914)<ref name="Croitoru-Tonciu 2022 p60">{{cite book|last1=Croitoru-Tonciu|first1=Monica|title=Alfred Popper - 1874-1946 - (re)descoperirea unui arhitect|date=2022|publisher=SIMETRIA|isbn=978-973-1872-51-3|page=60|url=|language=ro}}</ref>
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Art Nouveau architecture was a reaction against the eclectic styles that dominated European architecture in the second half of the 19th century. It was expressed through decoration: either [[ornament (art)|ornament]]al (based on flowers and plants, e.g. thistles,<ref>[https://art.nouveau.world/thistle Thistle] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210315050002/https://art.nouveau.world/thistle |date=15 March 2021}} – Art Nouveau World</ref> irises,<ref>[https://art.nouveau.world/iris Iris] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210315074012/https://art.nouveau.world/iris |date=15 March 2021}} – Art Nouveau World</ref> cyclamens, orchids, water lilies etc.) or sculptural (see the [[#Sculpture|respective section]] below). While faces of people (or [[mascaron (architecture)|mascaron]]s) are referred to ornament, the use of people in different forms of sculpture (statues and reliefs: see the [[#Sculpture|respective section]] below) was also common in some forms of Art Nouveau. Before [[Vienna Secession]], Jugendstil and the various forms of the [[National romantic style]] façades were asymmetrical, and often decorated with polychrome ceramic tiles. The decoration usually suggested movement; there was no distinction between the structure and the ornament.<ref name=":2">Renault and Lazé, ''Les styles de l'architecture et du mobilier'' (2006), pp. 107–111</ref> A curling or [[Whiplash (decorative art)|"whiplash"]] motif, based on the forms of plants and flowers, was widely used in the early Art Nouveau, but decoration became more abstract and symmetrical in [[Vienna Secession]] and other later versions of the style, as in the [[Stoclet Palace]] in Brussels (1905–1911).<ref>Bony, Anne, ''L'Architecture Moderne'' (2012), pp. 36–40</ref>

The style first appeared in Brussels' [[Hankar House]] by [[Paul Hankar]] (1893) and [[Hôtel Tassel]] (1892–93) of [[Victor Horta]]. The Hôtel Tassel was visited by [[Hector Guimard]], who used the same style in his first major work, the [[Castel Béranger]] (1897–98). Horta and Guimard also designed the furniture and the interior decoration, down to the doorknobs and carpeting. In 1899, based on the fame of the Castel Béranger, Guimard received a commission to design the [[Paris Métro entrances by Hector Guimard|entrances of the stations]] of the new [[Paris Métro]], which opened in 1900. Though few of the originals survived, these became the symbol of the Art Nouveau movement in Paris.

In Paris, the architectural style was also a reaction to the strict regulations imposed on building façades by [[Georges-Eugène Haussmann]], the prefect of Paris under [[Napoleon III]]. [[Bow window]]s were finally allowed in 1903, and Art Nouveau architects went to the opposite extreme, most notably in the houses of [[Jules Lavirotte]], which were essentially large works of sculpture, completely covered with decoration. An important neighbourhood of Art Nouveau houses appeared in the French city of [[Nancy, France|Nancy]], around the [[Villa Majorelle]] (1901–02), the residence of the furniture designer [[Louis Majorelle]]. It was designed by [[Henri Sauvage]] as a showcase for Majorelle's furniture designs.<ref name=":2" />

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File:Horta Museum.JPG|Spiral staircase in [[Horta Museum|Maison and Atelier Horta]] in [[Brussels]] by [[Victor Horta]] (1898–1901)
File:Parc guell - panoramio.jpg|Entrance buildings in [[Parc Güell]], [[Barcelona]], by [[Antoni Gaudí]] (1900–1914)
File:Palau de la Música Catalana-Palace of Catalan Music (Image 2).jpg|Interior of [[Palau de la Música Catalana]] in Barcelona (1905–1909)
File:Bruxelles - Palais Stoclet (6).jpg|Detail of the [[Stoclet Palace]] in Brussels (1905–1911)
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Many Art Nouveau buildings were included in [[UNESCO World Cultural Heritage]] list as a part of their city centres (in [[Old City (Bern)|Bern]], [[Budapest]], [[Lviv]], Paris, [[Porto]], [[Prague]], [[Riga]], [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Strasbourg]] ([[Neustadt (Strasbourg)|Neustadt]]), [[Vienna]]). Along with them, there were buildings that were included in the list as separate objects:

* {{flag|Belgium}}: the works of [[Victor Horta]] ([[Hôtel Tassel]], [[Hôtel Solvay]], [[Hôtel van Eetvelde]], [[Horta Museum|Maison and Atelier Horta]])<ref name="unesco-horta" /> and the [[Stoclet Palace]] by [[Josef Hoffmann]] in [[Brussels]];
* {{flag|Spain}}: the works of [[Lluís Domènech i Montaner]]<ref name="montaner" /> ([[Palau de la Música Catalana]] and [[Hospital de Sant Pau]] in [[Barcelona]]), and the works of [[Antoni Gaudí]]<ref>{{cite web |url= https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/320/multiple=1&unique_number=364 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211005231927/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/320/multiple%3D1%26unique_number%3D364 |archive-date=5 October 2021 |title=World Heritage List: Works of Antoni Gaudí |publisher=UNESCO |access-date=19 March 2022}}</ref> ([[Park Güell]], [[Palau Güell]], [[Sagrada Família]], [[Casa Batlló]], [[Casa Milá]], [[Casa Vicens]] in [[Barcelona]]; [[Church of Colònia Güell|Colònia Güell]] in [[Santa Coloma de Cervelló]]).