Editing University of St Andrews (section)

===Alumni===
{{Main|List of alumni of the University of St Andrews}} {{See also|Category:Alumni of the University of St Andrews}}

<gallery mode="packed" heights="172">
File:Rev Thomas Chalmers by Thomas Duncan, SNPG.JPG|[[Thomas Chalmers]]
File:Edward Jenner2.jpg|[[Edward Jenner]]
File:John Knox.jpg|[[John Knox]]
File:John Napier (Neper).jpg|[[John Napier]]
File:John Pringle.jpg|[[John Pringle (physician)|John Pringle]]
File:JusticeJamesWilson.jpg|[[James Wilson (Founding Father)|James Wilson]]
</gallery>

[[File:All smiles Wedding of Prince William of Wales and Kate Middleton.jpg|thumb|[[William, Prince of Wales]] and [[Catherine, Princess of Wales]] graduated together in 2005 with degrees in Geography and History of Art respectively.]]
Notable University of St Andrews alumni include [[James II of Scotland|King James II of Scotland]]; [[United States Declaration of Independence]] signatory [[James Wilson (Founding Father)|James Wilson]] (1761); [[Governor General of Canada]] [[John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll|John Campbell]]; discoverer of [[logarithms]] [[John Napier]] (1563); founder of the [[Church of Scotland]] and leader of the Protestant Reformation [[John Knox]] (1531); notable [[Leader of the Church of Scotland]] [[Thomas Chalmers]]; founder of and the first chancellor of the [[University of Glasgow]] [[William Turnbull (bishop)|William Turnbull]]; founder of the [[University of Edinburgh]] [[Robert Reid (bishop)|Robert Reid]]; founder of the world's first commercial [[Trustee Savings Bank|savings bank]] [[Henry Duncan (minister)|Henry Duncan]] (1823); journalist and politician during the [[French Revolution]] [[Jean-Paul Marat]] (1775 MD); inventor of [[beta-blockers]], [[H2 receptor antagonists]] and [[Nobel Prize in Medicine]] winner [[James W. Black]] (1946 MB ChB); the 'father of military medicine' [[John Pringle (physician)|Sir John Pringle, 1st Baronet]]; pioneer of the [[smallpox vaccine]] [[Edward Jenner]] (1792 MD); the 'father of medical services in Pakistan' [[Wajid Ali Khan Burki]] (1924 MB ChB); [[William, Prince of Wales]] (2005) and [[Catherine, Princess of Wales]] (2005).

Alumni in the fields of academia and education have gone on to found the [[University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences|University of Melbourne Medical School]] ([[Anthony Brownless]]) and the [[Scottish Church College]] in [[Calcutta]] ([[Alexander Duff (missionary)|Alexander Duff]] was also the first Scottish missionary to India), become the first Regent and first principal of the University of Edinburgh ([[Robert Rollock]]), dean of [[Harvard Divinity School]] ([[David N. Hempton|David Hempton]]), the [[Vice-chancellor (education)|Vice Chancellors]] of [[Aberdeen University]] ([[Ian Diamond]]), [[University of Nottingham]] ([[Shearer West]]), [[Open University]] ([[Walter Perry]] was also the first vice-chancellor) and [[Sydney University]] ([[Gavin Brown (academic)|Gavin Brown]]), chancellor of the [[University of Maine System]] ([[James H. Page]]), provost of [[Eton College]] ([[Eric Anderson (educator)|Eric Anderson]]), discoverer of the [[Berry Phase]] (Sir [[Michael Berry (physicist)|Michael Berry]]) and inventor of the [[Leslie cube]] [[John Leslie (physicist)|John Leslie]].

In business and finance, St Andrews graduates have become the [[Chief executive officer|CEOs]] of multinational companies including [[BHP]] ([[Andrew Mackenzie (businessman)|Andrew Mackenzie]]), [[BP]] ([[Robert Horton (businessman)|Robert Horton]]), [[FanDuel]] ([[Nigel Eccles]] co-founded the company with fellow St Andrews graduate, Lesley Eccles),<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/business/news/fanduel-tyrone-man-nigel-eccles-will-soon-be-northern-irelands-newest-billionaire-31394470.html|title=FanDuel: Tyrone man Nigel Eccles will soon be Northern Ireland's newest billionaire|work=The Belfast Telegraph|date=22 July 2015|access-date=21 December 2015|archive-date=2 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102220604/http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/business/news/fanduel-tyrone-man-nigel-eccles-will-soon-be-northern-irelands-newest-billionaire-31394470.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Rolls-Royce Holdings]] ([[John Rose (businessman)|John Rose]]), [[Royal Dutch Shell]] ([[Bob Reid (executive)|Robert Paul Reid]]), [[Tate & Lyle]] ([[Iain Ferguson (businessman)|Iain Ferguson]]) and [[Royal Bank of Scotland]] ([[George Mathewson]]). Other notable businesspeople include Banker [[Olivier Sarkozy]], director of the [[Edinburgh Festival Fringe]] [[Alistair Moffat]] and the CEO of [[Scottish Rugby Union]] and [[ATP World Tour Finals]] [[Phil Anderton]].

[[File:Alex Salmond, First Minister of Scotland (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Alex Salmond]] was the [[First Minister of Scotland]] and [[Leader of the Scottish National Party|Leader of the SNP]] during the [[2014 Scottish independence referendum|Scottish Independence Referendum in 2014.]]]]

Former St Andrews students active in politics and national intelligence include two [[Chief of the Secret Intelligence Service|Chiefs of MI6]] [[Alex Younger]] and [[John Sawers]], two deputy directors of the [[Secret Intelligence Service]] (MI6), [[George Kennedy Young]] and [[J. M. Bruce Lockhart]], Secretary of State for Scotland [[Michael Forsyth, Baron Forsyth of Drumlean|Lord Forsyth]] (Forsyth is also former deputy chairman of [[JP Morgan Chase|JP Morgan]]), former [[First Minister of Scotland]] and leader of the [[Scottish National Party|SNP]] for over 20 years [[Alex Salmond]], former [[Cabinet Secretary (United Kingdom)|Cabinet Secretary]] and head of the Civil Service Sir [[Mark Sedwill]], former [[Secretary of State for Defence]] Sir [[Michael Fallon]], Deputy Leader of the [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrats]] [[Malcolm Bruce]] and leader of the [[Christian Party (UK)|Christian Party]] [[George Hargreaves (politician)|James George Hargreaves]]. Outside of the UK, alumni include the [[Financial Secretary of Hong Kong|financial secretary of Hong Kong]] credited with laying the foundations for Hong Kong's economic success [[John James Cowperthwaite]], former senior director for European and Russian affairs on the [[United States National Security Council]], [[Fiona Hill (presidential advisor)|Fiona Hill]], [[David Holmes (diplomat)|David Holmes]] (both were involved in the [[Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump]]),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thesaint-online.com/2019/11/st-andrews-alums-testify-in-trump-impeachment/|title=St Andrews alums testify in Trump's Impeachment Inquiry|website=The Saint-Online|access-date=15 December 2019|archive-date=22 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122141119/http://www.thesaint-online.com/2019/11/st-andrews-alums-testify-in-trump-impeachment/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the first female cabinet minister in [[Egypt]] [[Hikmat Abu Zayd]]. Alumni have also gone on to serve as diplomats including the current [[Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations]] and former British Ambassador to China (2015–2020) Dame [[Barbara Woodward]], former ambassador to Russia (2008–2011) Dame [[Anne Pringle]] and [[Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin|Thomas Bruce]] who is known for the removal of the [[Elgin Marbles]] from the [[Parthenon]].

Alumni from the media and the arts include founder of ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine [[B. C. Forbes]], founder of ''[[The Week]]'' [[Jolyon Connell]], former [[Downing Street]] [[Director of Communications]] and former controller of [[BBC World News]] [[Craig Oliver (British journalist)|Craig Oliver]], [[political editor]] of [[BBC Scotland]] [[Brian Taylor (journalist)|Brian Taylor]], [[BBC News]] presenter [[Louise Minchin]], [[BBC Sport]] TV presenter [[Hazel Irvine]], editor of [[Tatler]] [[Richard Dennen]], [[Primetime Emmy Award]] winning screenwriter [[David Butler (screenwriter)|David Butler]], [[Pulitzer Prize]] winning author [[James Michener]], feminist writer [[Fay Weldon]], poet [[Len Pennie]], musician [[The Pictish Trail]] and actors [[Siobhan Redmond]], [[Crispin Bonham-Carter]], [[Ian McDiarmid]], [[David Caves]] and [[Jonathan Taylor Thomas]].

Other notable alumni include 'father of the [[Tax per head|poll tax]]' [[Douglas Mason]], founders of the [[Adam Smith Institute]], [[Madsen Pirie]] and [[Eamonn Butler]], former [[Solicitor General of the United States]] [[Elizabeth Prelogar]], former [[Lord Justice General]] [[William Cullen, Baron Cullen of Whitekirk|Lord Cullen]], two former members of the [[Inner House]], [[Ronald Mackay, Lord Eassie|Lord Eassie]] and [[Lynda Clark, Baroness Clark of Calton|Baroness Clark of Calton]], one of the leading figures in the formation of the [[United States Golf Association]] [[Charles B. Macdonald]], the captain of [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.]] during its double-winning season [[Danny Blanchflower]], and the wildlife conservationist [[Saba Douglas-Hamilton]].

The university also boasts of a rich roll of honorary graduates whose members vary from [[Benjamin Franklin]] to [[Hillary Clinton]], from [[Bob Dylan]] to [[Arvo Pärt]], from [[Maggie Smith]] to [[Sean Connery]], from [[Nora K. Chadwick]] to [[Martha Nussbaum]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.st-andrews.ac.uk/archive/another-classic-for-st-andrews/|title=Another 'classic' for St Andrews &#124; University of St Andrews news|website=news.st-andrews.ac.uk|access-date=17 February 2023|archive-date=17 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217200602/https://news.st-andrews.ac.uk/archive/another-classic-for-st-andrews/|url-status=live}}</ref> from [[Joseph Stevenson]] to [[Lisa Jardine]], from [[Seamus Heaney]] to [[Bahram Beyzai]], from [[Georg Cantor]] to [[David Attenborough]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/graduation/honorands/|website=www.st-andrews.ac.uk|access-date=17 February 2023|title=Honorary graduates|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308155714/https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/graduation/honorands/|url-status=live}}</ref>