Editing Space colonization (section)

===Law, governance, and sovereignty===
{{Main|Space law|Space policy|Common heritage of humanity|Extraterrestrial real estate}}
A range of different models of transplanetary or extraterrestrial governance have been sketched or proposed. Often envisioning the need for a fresh or independent extraterrestrial governance, particularly in the void left by the contemporarily criticized lack of space governance and inclusivity.

{{anchor|Exonationalism}}It has been argued that space colonialism would, similarly to terrestrial [[settler colonialism]], produce colonial national identities.<ref name="Eller 2022 pp. 148–160">{{cite journal |last=Eller |first=Jack David |date=15 September 2022 |title=Space Colonization and Exonationalism: On the Future of Humanity and Anthropology |journal=Humans |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=148–160 |doi=10.3390/humans2030010 |issn=2673-9461 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

[[Federalism]] has been studied as a remedy of such distant and autonomous communities.<ref name="u501">{{cite book | last=Crawford | first=Ian A. | title=The Meaning of Liberty Beyond Earth | chapter=Interplanetary Federalism: Maximising the Chances of Extraterrestrial Peace, Diversity and Liberty | series=Space and Society | publisher=Springer International Publishing | publication-place=Cham | date=2015 | isbn=978-3-319-09566-0 | doi=10.1007/978-3-319-09567-7_13 | pages=199–218}}</ref>

Space activity is legally based on the [[Outer Space Treaty]], the main international treaty. But [[space law]] has become a larger legal field, which includes other international agreements such as the significantly less ratified [[Moon Treaty]] and diverse national laws.

The Outer Space Treaty established the basic ramifications for space activity in article one: "The exploration and use of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, shall be carried out for the benefit and in the interests of all countries, irrespective of their degree of economic or scientific development, and shall be the province of all mankind." And continued in article two by stating: "Outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means."<ref name=unoda>{{cite web | url=http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/t/outer_space | title = Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies | access-date = 7 November 2020 | publisher= [[United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs]]}}</ref>

The development of international space law has revolved much around outer space being defined as [[common heritage of mankind]]. The ''Magna Carta of Space'' presented by William A. Hyman in 1966 framed outer space explicitly not as ''[[terra nullius]]'' but as ''[[res communis]]'', which subsequently influenced the work of the [[United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space]].<ref name="Durrani 2019"/><ref>{{cite web |author=Lock |first=Alexander |date=6 June 2015 |title=Space: The Final Frontier |url=https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2015/06/space-the-final-frontier.html |access-date=2 November 2020 |website=The British Library – Medieval manuscripts blog}}</ref>