Editing Second law of thermodynamics (section)

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin|50em}}
* {{cite book | last=Adkins | first=C. J. | title=Equilibrium thermodynamics | publisher=Cambridge University Press | publication-place=Cambridge UK | year=1983 |edition=1st ed. 1968, 3rd | isbn=0-521-25445-0 | oclc=9132054 }}
* [[Peter Atkins|Atkins, P.W.]], de Paula, J. (2006). ''Atkins' Physical Chemistry'', eighth edition, W.H. Freeman, New York, {{ISBN|978-0-7167-8759-4}}.
* Attard, P. (2012). ''Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics: Foundations and Applications'', Oxford University Press, Oxford UK, {{ISBN|978-0-19-966276-0}}.
* Baierlein, R. (1999). ''Thermal Physics'', Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK, {{ISBN|0-521-59082-5}}.
* Bailyn, M. (1994). ''A Survey of Thermodynamics'', American Institute of Physics, New York, {{ISBN|0-88318-797-3}}.
* {{cite book|title=Concepts in thermal physics|last1=Blundell|first1=Stephen J.|last2=Blundell|author-link1=Stephen Blundell|first2=Katherine M.|author-link2=Katherine Blundell|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2010|isbn=9780199562107|edition=2nd|location=Oxford|oclc=607907330|doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199562091.001.0001|url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/1235139}}
* [[Ludwig Boltzmann|Boltzmann, L.]] (1896/1964). ''Lectures on Gas Theory'', translated by S.G. Brush, University of California Press, Berkeley.
* Borgnakke, C., Sonntag., R.E. (2009). ''Fundamentals of Thermodynamics'', seventh edition, Wiley, {{ISBN|978-0-470-04192-5}}.
* Buchdahl, H.A. (1966). ''The Concepts of Classical Thermodynamics'', Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK.
* [[Percy Williams Bridgman|Bridgman, P.W.]] (1943). ''The Nature of Thermodynamics'', Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA.
* [[Herbert Callen|Callen, H.B.]] (1960/1985). ''Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics'', (1st edition 1960) 2nd edition 1985, Wiley, New York, {{ISBN|0-471-86256-8}}.
* {{cite journal|author=C. Carathéodory|author1-link=Constantin Carathéodory|title=Untersuchungen über die Grundlagen der Thermodynamik|year=1909|journal=Mathematische Annalen|volume=67|issue=3|pages=355–386|url=http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/index.php?id=11&PPN=PPN235181684_0067&DMDID=DMDLOG_0033&L=1|quote=Axiom II: In jeder beliebigen Umgebung eines willkürlich vorgeschriebenen Anfangszustandes gibt es Zustände, die durch adiabatische Zustandsänderungen nicht beliebig approximiert werden können. (p.363)|doi=10.1007/bf01450409|s2cid=118230148|access-date=2014-02-18|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304213645/http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/index.php?id=11&PPN=PPN235181684_0067&DMDID=DMDLOG_0033&L=1|url-status=dead}}. A translation may be found [http://neo-classical-physics.info/uploads/3/0/6/5/3065888/caratheodory_-_thermodynamics.pdf here]. Also a mostly reliable [https://books.google.com/books?id=xwBRAAAAMAAJ&q=Investigation+into+the+foundations translation is to be found] at Kestin, J. (1976). ''The Second Law of Thermodynamics'', Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Stroudsburg PA.
* [[Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot|Carnot, S.]] (1824/1986). [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/812944517 ''Reflections on the motive power of fire''], Manchester University Press, Manchester UK, {{ISBN|0-7190-1741-6}}. [https://archive.org/stream/reflectionsonmot00carnrich#page/n7/mode/2up Also here.]
* [[Sydney Chapman (mathematician)|Chapman, S.]], [[Thomas George Cowling|Cowling, T.G.]] (1939/1970). ''The Mathematical Theory of Non-uniform gases. An Account of the Kinetic Theory of Viscosity, Thermal Conduction and Diffusion in Gases'', third edition 1970, Cambridge University Press, London.
* {{cite journal|last=Clausius|first=R.|author1-link=Rudolf Clausius|title=Ueber Die Bewegende Kraft Der Wärme Und Die Gesetze, Welche Sich Daraus Für Die Wärmelehre Selbst Ableiten Lassen|journal=Annalen der Physik|year=1850|volume=79|issue=4|pages=368–397, 500–524|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k15164w/f518.image|access-date=26 June 2012|doi=10.1002/andp.18501550403|bibcode=1850AnP...155..500C|hdl=2027/uc1.$b242250|hdl-access=free}} Translated into English: {{cite journal|last=Clausius|first=R.|title=On the Moving Force of Heat, and the Laws regarding the Nature of Heat itself which are deducible therefrom|journal=London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science|date=July 1851|volume=2|series=4th|issue=VIII|pages=1–21; 102–119|url=https://archive.org/stream/londonedinburghd02lond#page/1/mode/1up|access-date=26 June 2012|doi=10.1080/14786445108646819}}
* {{cite journal|last=Clausius|first=R.|author1-link=Rudolf Clausius|title=Über eine veränderte Form des zweiten Hauptsatzes der mechanischen Wärmetheorie|year=1854|journal=Annalen der Physik|volume=xciii|issue=12|pages=481–506|url=http://zfbb.thulb.uni-jena.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/jportal_derivate_00140956/18541691202_ftp.pdf|access-date=24 March 2014|doi=10.1002/andp.18541691202|bibcode=1854AnP...169..481C|archive-date=24 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324093633/http://zfbb.thulb.uni-jena.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/jportal_derivate_00140956/18541691202_ftp.pdf|url-status=dead}} Translated into English: {{cite journal|last=Clausius|first=R.|title=On a Modified Form of the Second Fundamental Theorem in the Mechanical Theory of Heat|journal=London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science|date=July 1856|volume=2|series=4th|page=86|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20044#page/100/mode/1up|access-date=24 March 2014}} Reprinted in: {{cite book|last=Clausius|first=R.|author1-link=Rudolf Clausius|title=The Mechanical Theory of Heat – with its Applications to the Steam Engine and to Physical Properties of Bodies|year=1867|publisher=John van Voorst|location=London|url=https://archive.org/details/mechanicaltheor04claugoog|quote=editions:PwR_Sbkwa8IC.|access-date=19 June 2012}}
* Denbigh, K. (1954/1981). ''The Principles of Chemical Equilibrium. With Applications in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering'', fourth edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK, {{ISBN|0-521-23682-7}}.
* Eu, B.C. (2002). ''Generalized Thermodynamics. The Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes and Generalized Hydrodynamics'', Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, {{ISBN|1-4020-0788-4}}.
* [[Josiah Willard Gibbs|Gibbs, J.W.]] (1876/1878). On the equilibrium of heterogeneous substances, ''Trans. Conn. Acad.'', '''3''': 108–248, 343–524, reprinted in ''The Collected Works of J. Willard Gibbs, Ph.D, LL. D.'', edited by W.R. Longley, R.G. Van Name, Longmans, Green & Co., New York, 1928, volume 1, pp.&nbsp;55–353.
* Griem, H.R. (2005). ''Principles of Plasma Spectroscopy (Cambridge Monographs on Plasma Physics)'', Cambridge University Press, New York {{ISBN|0-521-61941-6}}.
* Glansdorff, P., Prigogine, I. (1971). ''Thermodynamic Theory of Structure, Stability, and Fluctuations'', Wiley-Interscience, London, 1971, {{ISBN|0-471-30280-5}}.
* {{cite book | last=Grandy | first=Walter T. | title=Entropy and the time evolution of macroscopic systems | publisher=Oxford University Press | publication-place=Oxford New York | year=2008 | isbn=978-0-19-954617-6 | oclc=190843367 | url=http://global.oup.com/academic/product/entropy-and-the-time-evolution-of-macroscopic-systems-9780199546176 }}
* Greven, A., Keller, G., Warnecke (editors) (2003). ''Entropy'', Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ, {{ISBN|0-691-11338-6}}.
* {{cite journal | last1 = Guggenheim | first1 = E.A. | authorlink = Edward A. Guggenheim | year = 1949 | title = Statistical basis of thermodynamics | url = | journal = Research | volume = 2 | issue = | pages = 450–454 }}
* [[Edward A. Guggenheim|Guggenheim, E.A.]] (1967). ''Thermodynamics. An Advanced Treatment for Chemists and Physicists'', fifth revised edition, North Holland, Amsterdam.
* Gyarmati, I. (1967/1970) ''Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics. Field Theory and Variational Principles'', translated by E. Gyarmati and W.F. Heinz, Springer, New York.
* [[Charles Kittel|Kittel, C.]], [[Herbert Kroemer|Kroemer, H.]] (1969/1980). ''Thermal Physics'', second edition, Freeman, San Francisco CA, {{ISBN|0-7167-1088-9}}.
* Kondepudi, D., [[Ilya Prigogine|Prigogine, I.]] (1998). ''Modern Thermodynamics: From Heat Engines to Dissipative Structures'', John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, {{ISBN|0-471-97393-9}}.
* Lebon, G., Jou, D., Casas-Vázquez, J. (2008). ''Understanding Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics: Foundations, Applications, Frontiers'', Springer-Verlag, Berlin, {{ISBN|978-3-540-74252-4}}.
* {{cite journal|title=The Physics and Mathematics of the Second Law of Thermodynamics|last1=Lieb |first1=E. H. |last2=Yngvason |first2=J.|journal=Physics Reports|volume=310|issue=1|pages=1–96 |year=1999|doi=10.1016/S0370-1573(98)00082-9|arxiv = cond-mat/9708200 |bibcode = 1999PhR...310....1L|s2cid=119620408}}
*Lieb, E.H., Yngvason, J. (2003). The Entropy of Classical Thermodynamics, pp.&nbsp;147–195, Chapter 8 of ''Entropy'', Greven, A., Keller, G., Warnecke (editors) (2003).
* {{cite book|first=F.|last=Mandl|title=Statistical physics|edition=second|year=1988|publisher=[[Wiley & Sons]]|isbn=978-0-471-91533-1}}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Maxwell | first1 = J.C. | author-link = James Clerk Maxwell | year = 1867 | title = On the dynamical theory of gases | journal = Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. | volume = 157 | pages = 49–88 | doi = 10.1098/rstl.1867.0004 | s2cid = 96568430 }}
* [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize|Müller, I.]] (1985). ''Thermodynamics'', Pitman, London, {{ISBN|0-273-08577-8}}.
* [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize|Müller, I.]] (2003). Entropy in Nonequilibrium, pp.&nbsp;79–109, Chapter 5 of ''Entropy'', Greven, A., Keller, G., Warnecke (editors) (2003).
*Münster, A. (1970), ''Classical Thermodynamics'', translated by E.S. Halberstadt, Wiley–Interscience, London, {{ISBN|0-471-62430-6}}.
* [[Brian Pippard|Pippard, A.B.]] (1957/1966). ''Elements of Classical Thermodynamics for Advanced Students of Physics'', original publication 1957, reprint 1966, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK.
* [[Max Planck|Planck, M.]] (1897/1903). [https://archive.org/stream/treatiseonthermo00planrich#page/100/mode/2up ''Treatise on Thermodynamics'', translated by A. Ogg, Longmans Green, London, p. 100.]
* [[Max Planck|Planck. M.]] (1914). [https://archive.org/details/theoryofheatradi00planrich ''The Theory of Heat Radiation''], a translation by Masius, M. of the second German edition, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., Philadelphia.
* [[Max Planck|Planck, M.]] (1926). Über die Begründung des zweiten Hauptsatzes der Thermodynamik, ''Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften: Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse'': 453–463.
* Pokrovskii V.N. (2005) Extended thermodynamics in a discrete-system approach, Eur. J. Phys. vol. 26, 769–781.
* {{Cite journal | doi=10.1155/2013/906136|title = A Derivation of the Main Relations of Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics| journal=ISRN Thermodynamics| volume=2013| pages=1–9|year = 2013|last1 = Pokrovskii|first1 = Vladimir N.|doi-access=free}}
* Quinn, T.J. (1983). ''Temperature'', Academic Press, London, {{ISBN|0-12-569680-9}}.
* {{cite book|first=Y.V.C.|last=Rao|title=An Introduction to thermodynamics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iYWiCXziWsEC&pg=PA213|date=2004|publisher=Universities Press|isbn=978-81-7371-461-0|page=213}}
*Roberts, J.K., Miller, A.R. (1928/1960). ''Heat and Thermodynamics'', (first edition 1928), fifth edition, Blackie & Son Limited, Glasgow.
* {{cite journal | last1 = Schrödinger | first1 = E. | authorlink = Erwin Schrödinger | year = 1950 | title = Irreversibility | url = | journal = Proc. R. Ir. Acad. | volume = A53 | issue = | pages = 189–195 }}
* [[Dirk ter Haar|ter Haar, D.]], [[Harald Wergeland|Wergeland, H.]] (1966). ''Elements of Thermodynamics'', Addison-Wesley Publishing, Reading MA.
* {{cite journal|last=Thomson|first=W.|author-link=William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin|title=On the Dynamical Theory of Heat, with numerical results deduced from Mr Joule's equivalent of a Thermal Unit, and M. Regnault's Observations on Steam|journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh|year=1851|volume=XX|issue=part II|pages=261–268; 289–298|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126047#page/295/mode/1up}} Also published in {{cite journal |last=Thomson |first=W. |title=On the Dynamical Theory of Heat, with numerical results deduced from Mr Joule's equivalent of a Thermal Unit, and M. Regnault's Observations on Steam |journal=Philos. Mag. |date=December 1852 |volume=IV |series=4 |issue=22 |page=13 |url=https://archive.org/stream/londonedinburghp04maga#page/12/mode/2up |access-date=25 June 2012 }}
* [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin|Thomson, W.]] (1852). ''On the universal tendency in nature to the dissipation of mechanical energy'' Philosophical Magazine, Ser. 4, p.&nbsp;304.
* [[László Tisza|Tisza, L.]] (1966). ''Generalized Thermodynamics'', M.I.T Press, Cambridge MA.
* [[Clifford Truesdell|Truesdell, C.]] (1980). ''The Tragicomical History of Thermodynamics 1822–1854'', Springer, New York, {{ISBN|0-387-90403-4}}.
* {{cite journal | last1 = Uffink | first1 = J | year = 2001 | title = Bluff your way in the second law of thermodynamics | url = | journal = Stud. Hist. Phil. Mod. Phys. | volume = 32 | issue = 3| pages = 305–394 | doi = 10.1016/S1355-2198(01)00016-8 | arxiv = cond-mat/0005327 | bibcode = 2001SHPMP..32..305U }}
* Uffink, J. (2003). Irreversibility and the Second Law of Thermodynamics, Chapter 7 of ''Entropy'', Greven, A., Keller, G., Warnecke (editors) (2003), Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ, {{ISBN|0-691-11338-6}}.
* [[George Uhlenbeck|Uhlenbeck, G.E.]], Ford, G.W. (1963). ''Lectures in Statistical Mechanics'', American Mathematical Society, Providence RI.
* [[Mark Zemansky|Zemansky, M.W.]] (1968). ''Heat and Thermodynamics. An Intermediate Textbook'', fifth edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
{{refend}}