Editing Quorum sensing (section)

==Synthetic biology==
Quorum sensing has been engineered using [[synthetic biological circuits]] in different systems. Examples include rewiring the AHL components to toxic genes to control population size in bacteria;<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = You L, Cox RS, Weiss R, Arnold FH | title = Programmed population control by cell-cell communication and regulated killing | journal = Nature | volume = 428 | issue = 6985 | pages = 868–871 | date = April 2004 | pmid = 15064770 | doi = 10.1038/nature02491 | bibcode = 2004Natur.428..868Y | s2cid = 4426454 }}</ref> and constructing an auxin-based system to control population density in mammalian cells.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ma Y, Budde MW, Mayalu MN, Zhu J, Lu AC, Murray RM, Elowitz MB | title = Synthetic mammalian signaling circuits for robust cell population control | journal = Cell | volume = 185 | issue = 6 | pages = 967–979.e12 | date = March 2022 | pmid = 35235768 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.026|biorxiv=10.1101/2020.09.02.278564 | pmc = 8995209 | s2cid = 221510088 }}</ref> Synthetic quorum sensing circuits have been proposed to enable applications like controlling biofilms<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hong SH, Hegde M, Kim J, Wang X, Jayaraman A, Wood TK | title = Synthetic quorum-sensing circuit to control consortial biofilm formation and dispersal in a microfluidic device | journal = Nature Communications | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = 613 | date = January 2012 | pmid = 22215088 | pmc = 3272573 | doi = 10.1038/ncomms1616 | bibcode = 2012NatCo...3..613H | doi-access = free }}</ref> or enabling drug delivery.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Din MO, Danino T, Prindle A, Skalak M, Selimkhanov J, Allen K, Julio E, Atolia E, Tsimring LS, Bhatia SN, Hasty J | display-authors = 6 | title = Synchronized cycles of bacterial lysis for in vivo delivery | journal = Nature | volume = 536 | issue = 7614 | pages = 81–85 | date = August 2016 | pmid = 27437587 | pmc = 5048415 | doi = 10.1038/nature18930 | bibcode = 2016Natur.536...81D }}</ref> Quorum sensing based genetic circuits have been used to convert AI-2 signals to AI-1 and then subsequently use the AI-1 signal to alter bacterial growth rate, thereby changing the composition of a consortium.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Stephens K, Pozo M, Tsao CY, Hauk P, Bentley WE | title = Bacterial co-culture with cell signaling translator and growth controller modules for autonomously regulated culture composition | journal = Nature Communications | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 4129 | date = September 2019 | pmid = 31511505 | pmc = 6739400 | doi = 10.1038/s41467-019-12027-6 | bibcode = 2019NatCo..10.4129S }}</ref>

Remarkable advancements have been and are continuing to be made in recent years in our understanding of synthetic biology in terms of endocrine and paracrine signaling mechanisms, and the myriad of modes by which bacteria record domestic and foreign cell numbers.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Bassler |first=Bonnie L |date=1999-12-01 |title=How bacteria talk to each other: regulation of gene expression by quorum sensing |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369527499000259 |journal=Current Opinion in Microbiology |volume=2 |issue=6 |pages=582–587 |doi=10.1016/S1369-5274(99)00025-9 |pmid=10607620 |issn=1369-5274}}</ref> The modulation of gene expression in response to oscillations in cell-population density is thanks to the QS techniques regulating bacterial communication natural and artificial cultures. It is also clear that intra- and inter-species cell–cell communication occurs and is regulated by quorum sensing systems. Further, there is mounting data demonstrating that autoinducer signals elicit specific responses from eukaryotic hosts.