Editing Pope Benedict XVI (section)

== Pope emeritus: 2013–2022 ==
On the morning of 28 February 2013, Benedict met with the full College of Cardinals and in the early afternoon flew by helicopter to the papal summer residence of [[Palace of Castel Gandolfo|Castel Gandolfo]]. He stayed there until refurbishment was completed on his retirement home, the [[Mater Ecclesiae Monastery]] in the [[Vatican Gardens]] near St. Peter's, former home of twelve nuns, where he moved on 2 May 2013.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ilmessaggero.it/primopiano/vaticano/papa_monastero_mater_ecclesiae_ratzinger/notizie/250887.shtml | title=Dopo le dimissioni il Papa si ritirerà presso il monastero Mater Ecclesiae fondato nel '94 per volontà di Wojtyla | publisher=Il Messagero | date=11 February 2013 | access-date=12 February 2013 | language=it | archive-date=13 February 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213200131/http://www.ilmessaggero.it/primopiano/vaticano/papa_monastero_mater_ecclesiae_ratzinger/notizie/250887.shtml }}</ref><ref name="vanity">{{cite web|url = http://www.vanityfair.it/news/italia/13/02/11/papa-lascia-dimora-benedetto|title = Il Papa? Andrà nel monastero fatto costruire da Giovanni Paolo II|work= Vanity Fair (Italian)|author = Francesco Oggiano|date = 11 February 2013|access-date = 14 February 2013|language=it}}</ref>

[[File:5 luglio 2013 - incontro tra Papa Francesco e Papa Benedetto XVI - inaugurazione statua San Michele Arcangelo -.jpg|thumb|left|Pope emeritus Benedict{{nbsp}}XVI with [[Pope Francis]] (left) in the [[Vatican Gardens]], July 2013]]
After his resignation, Benedict retained his papal name rather than reverting to his birth name.<ref name="pope emeritus">{{cite web|title=Benedict XVI will be 'Pope emeritus'|url=http://www.news.va/en/news/benedict-xvi-will-be-pope-emeritus|publisher=The Vatican Today|access-date=28 February 2013|quote=Benedict XVI will be "Pontiff emeritus" or "Pope emeritus", as Fr. Federico Lombardi, S.J., director of the Holy See Press Office, reported in a press conference on the final days of the current pontificate. He will keep the name of "His Holiness, Benedict XVI" and will dress in a simple white cassock without the mozzetta (elbow-length cape).|archive-date=1 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301002737/http://www.news.va/en/news/benedict-xvi-will-be-pope-emeritus}}</ref> He continued to wear the white cassock but without the [[pellegrina]] or the [[Fascia (sash)|fascia]]. He ceased wearing red papal shoes.<ref>Vatican Press Office: Father Federico Lombardi – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9S-O104E4o</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/26579/nun-describes-simplicity-of-popes-retirement-monastery |title=Nun describes simplicity of Pope's retirement monastery|agency=Catholic News Agency |access-date=17 February 2013}}</ref> Benedict returned his official [[Fisherman's Ring]], which was rendered unusable by two large cuts across its face.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1301028.htm |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20130312175100/http%3A//www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1301028.htm |archive-date=12 March 2013 |title=CNS Story: Ring of retired Pope Benedict no longer can be used as seal |publisher=Catholicnews.com |access-date=19 August 2013 }}</ref>

According to a Vatican spokesman, Benedict spent his first day as [[Pope emeritus]] with Archbishop [[Georg Gänswein]], [[Prefect of the Papal Household]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/26691/benedict-xvis-first-night-as-pope-emeritus |title=David Uebbing, "Benedict XVI's first night as Pope emeritus" Catholic News Agency, March 1, 2013 |publisher=Catholicnewsagency.com |date=1 March 2013 |access-date=23 June 2013}}</ref> In the monastery, the pope emeritus did not live a cloistered life, but studied and wrote.<ref name="vanity" /> He joined Pope Francis several months later at the unveiling of a new statue of [[Saint Michael the Archangel]]. The inscription on the statue, according to Cardinal [[Giovanni Lajolo]], has the coat of arms of the two popes to symbolize the fact that the statue was commissioned by Benedict and consecrated by Francis.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2013/07/09/pope-francis-consecrates-vatican-city-with-benedict-xvi-by-his-side/|title=Pope Francis consecrates Vatican City with Benedict XVI by his side|newspaper=Catholic Herald|date=9 July 2013|access-date=22 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422213130/http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2013/07/09/pope-francis-consecrates-vatican-city-with-benedict-xvi-by-his-side/|archive-date=22 April 2017}}</ref>

In 2013 it was reported that Benedict had multiple health problems including [[high blood pressure]] and had fallen out of bed more than once, but the Holy See denied any specific illnesses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2013/04/12/vatican-denies-pope-emeritus-benedict-xvi-rumours-ill-health_n_3068212.html |title=Vatican Denies Rumours That Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI Is in Serious Ill Health |date=12 April 2013 |work=HuffPost |access-date=23 June 2013}}</ref> The former pope made his first public appearance after his resignation at St. Peter's Basilica on 22 February 2014 to attend the first [[papal consistory]] of his successor Francis. Benedict entered the basilica through a discreet entrance and was seated in a row with several other cardinals. He doffed his [[zucchetto]] when Francis came down the nave of St. Peter's Basilica to greet him.<ref>{{cite news|last=Tornielli|first=Andrea|title=The "hidden" Pope's first step towards normality|url=http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/en/the-vatican/detail/articolo/concsitoro-2014-32277/|access-date=24 February 2014|newspaper=Vatican Insider|date=24 February 2014|archive-date=20 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620031734/http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/en/the-vatican/detail/articolo/concsitoro-2014-32277/}}</ref> He then made an appearance at the [[Canonization of Pope John XXIII and Pope John Paul II|canonization mass of Popes John{{nbsp}}XXIII and John Paul{{nbsp}}II]], greeting the cardinals and Francis.

[[File:Pope emeritus Benedict XVI.JPG|thumb|Benedict in 2014]]
In August 2014, Benedict celebrated Mass at the Vatican and met with his former doctoral students, an annual tradition he had kept since the 1970s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1403581.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903105859/http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1403581.htm |archive-date=3 September 2014 |title=CNS Story: Retired Pope Benedict XVI celebrates Mass with former doctoral students |access-date=30 August 2014 }}</ref> He attended the [[beatification of Pope Paul&nbsp;VI]] in October 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en.html|title=News from the Vatican – News about the Church |website=vaticannews.va}}</ref> Weeks before this, he joined Francis in Saint Peter's Square for an audience with grandparents to honour their importance in society.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/pope-hails-benedict-other-elderly-at-vatican-fest|title=Pope hails Benedict, other elderly at Vatican fest|date=28 September 2014|publisher=Fox News|access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref>

Benedict wrote the text of a speech, delivered by Archbishop Georg Gänswein, on the occasion of the dedication of the Aula Magna at the [[Pontifical Urbaniana University]] to the pope emeritus, "a gesture of gratitude for what he has done for the Church as a conciliar expert, with his teaching as professor, as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and, finally, the Magisterium." The ceremony took place on Tuesday, 21 October 2014, during the opening of the academic year.<ref name="ZENIT">{{cite news | url=http://www.zenit.org/en/articles/benedict-xvi-truth-is-not-given-up-in-the-name-of-a-desire-for-peace | title=Benedict XVI: Truth is Not Given Up in the Name of a Desire for Peace | date=23 October 2014 | agency=ZENIT | access-date=19 January 2015 | location=Vatican City}}</ref>

Benedict attended the consistory for new cardinals in February 2015, greeting Francis at the beginning of the celebration.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.romereports.com/2015/02/14/benedict-xvi-attends-consistory-in-st-peter-s-basilica|title=Benedict XVI attends Consistory in St. Peter's Basilica|date=14 February 2015|publisher=Rome Reports|access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> In the summer of 2015, Benedict spent two weeks at Castel Gandolfo, at the invitation of Pope Francis. While at Castel Gandolfo, Benedict participated in two public events. He received two honorary doctorates given to him by Cardinal [[Stanislaw Dziwisz]], Pope John Paul{{nbsp}}II's longtime aide, from the [[Pontifical University of John Paul II]] and the Kraków Academy of Music.<ref name="doctorates2015">{{cite web |title=Receiving awards, Benedict XVI credits witness of John Paul II |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/32267/receiving-awards-benedict-xvi-credits-witness-of-john-paul-ii |author=Harris, Elise |date=4 July 2015 |access-date=26 September 2015 |agency=Catholic News Agency}}</ref> In his reception address, Benedict paid homage to his predecessor, John Paul{{nbsp}}II.<ref name="doctorates2015" />

The Joseph Ratzinger–Benedict XVI Roman Library at the [[Collegio Teutonico|Pontifical Teutonic College]] was announced in April 2015 and was scheduled to open to scholars in November 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=Benedict XVI celebrates Mass with former students |url=http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2015/09/01/benedict-xvi-celebrates-mass-with-former-students/ |date=1 September 2015 |access-date=26 September 2015 |work=Catholic Herald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927142334/http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2015/09/01/benedict-xvi-celebrates-mass-with-former-students/ |archive-date=27 September 2015 }}</ref> The library section dedicated to his life and thought is being catalogued. It includes books by or about him and his studies, many donated by Benedict himself.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/32167/benedict-xvis-summer-plans-%E2%80%93-rare-public-events-and-a-visit-to-castel-gandolfo |title=Benedict XVI's summer plans – rare public events and a visit to Castel Gandolfo |last1=Holdren |first1=Alan |date=16 June 2015 |agency=Catholic News Agency}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/32248/francis-wishes-benedict-xvi-a-good-summer-in-castel-gandolfo|title=Francis wishes Benedict XVI a good summer in Castel Gandolfo|agency=Catholic News Agency |date=30 June 2015 |first1=Elise |last1=Harris}}</ref>

Benedict, in August 2015, submitted a handwritten card to act as a testimony to the cause of canonization of [[Pope John Paul&nbsp;I]].<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Franca |last1=Giansoldati |url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilmessaggero.it%2FPRIMOPIANO%2FVATICANO%2Fpapa_luciani_beato_ratzinger_miracoli%2Fnotizie%2F1535347.shtml&edit-text=&act=url |title=Rome: Pope Luciani soon beatified, also Ratzinger has testified in his favour, but he lacks miracles |work=Messagiero |date=27 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telebelluno.it/wp/16noni_082615a3albino/ |title=Benedetto XVI testimone per la beatificazione di Albino Luciani |language=it |trans-title=Benedict XVI to witness the beatification of Albino Luciani |work=Telebelluno |date=26 August 2015 |access-date=28 December 2022 |archive-date=28 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228173036/https://www.telebelluno.it/wp/16noni_082615a3albino/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In March 2016, Benedict gave an interview expressing his views on [[mercy]] and endorsing Francis's stress on mercy in his pastoral practice.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://insidethevatican.com/news/newsflash/letter-16-2016-emeritus-pope-benedict-grants-an-interview|title=Letter No. 16, 2016: Emeritus Pope Benedict Grants an Interview – Inside The Vatican|date=17 March 2016}}</ref> Also that month, a Vatican spokesman stated that Benedict was "slowly, serenely fading" in his physical health, although his mental capacity remained "perfectly lucid".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Arocho Esteves|first1=Junno|title=Benedict XVI is frail but 'perfectly lucid', says Vatican spokesman|url=http://catholicherald.co.uk/news/2016/03/25/benedict-xvi-is-frail-but-perfectly-lucid-says-vatican-spokesman/|access-date=26 March 2016|work=Catholic Herald|date=25 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328000353/http://catholicherald.co.uk/news/2016/03/25/benedict-xvi-is-frail-but-perfectly-lucid-says-vatican-spokesman/|archive-date=28 March 2016}}</ref>

The pope emeritus was honoured by the Roman Curia and Francis in 2016 at a special audience, honouring the [[Sapphire jubilee|65th anniversary]] of his ordination to the priesthood. That November, he did not attend the consistory for new cardinals, rather meeting with them and Francis at his residence afterward.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2016/11/19/pope,_new_cardinals_visit_pope_emeritus_benedict_xvi/1273450|title=Pope, new Cardinals visit Pope-Emeritus Benedict XVI|date=19 November 2016|access-date=22 April 2017|publisher=Vatican Radio}}</ref> Following the death of Cardinal [[Paulo Evaristo Arns]] in December 2016, Benedict became the last living person appointed cardinal by Pope Paul{{nbsp}}VI.<ref>{{cite web |title=Last cardinal named by Paul VI, Brazil's Paulo Evaristo Arns, dies at age 95 |url=https://www.romereports.com/en/2016/12/15/last-cardinal-named-by-paul-vi-brazil-s-paulo-evaristo-arns-dies-at-age-95/ |website=romereports.co |date=15 December 2016 |publisher=Rome Reports |access-date=23 August 2021}}</ref>

[[File:Meeting with Benedict XVI on 10 August 2019 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Benedict in 2019]]
In June 2017, Benedict received newly created cardinals in his chapel and spoke with each of them in their native language.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.romereports.com/2017/06/28/benedict-xvi-receives-the-new-cardinals-and-speaks-with-them-in-various-languages|title=Benedict XVI receives the new cardinals, and speaks with them in various languages|website=romereports.com|date=28 June 2017 }}</ref> In July 2017, he sent a message through his private secretary for the funeral of Cardinal [[Joachim Meisner]], who had suddenly died while on vacation in Germany.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2017/07/16/benedict-xvi-cardinal-meisner-was-a-passionate-shepherd-who-found-it-difficult-to-leave-his-post/|title=Benedict XVI: Cardinal Meisner was a 'passionate shepherd' who found it 'difficult to leave his post'|date=16 July 2017|newspaper=Catholic Herald|access-date=26 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926144007/http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2017/07/16/benedict-xvi-cardinal-meisner-was-a-passionate-shepherd-who-found-it-difficult-to-leave-his-post/|archive-date=26 September 2017}}</ref>

In November 2017, images emerged on the Facebook page of the [[Bishop of Passau]], Stefan Oster, of Benedict with a black eye; the bishop and author [[Peter Seewald]] visited the former pope on 26 October since the pair were presenting Benedict with the new book ''Benedict XVI – The German Pope'' which the Passau diocese created. The former pope suffered the [[hematoma]] earlier after having slipped.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=La Stampa|author=Andrea Tornielli|access-date=10 November 2017|date=27 October 2017|title=The photo with Ratzinger's "black eye"|url=http://www.lastampa.it/2017/10/27/vaticaninsider/eng/news/the-photo-with-ratzingers-black-eye-457tHsBGDuYyCqrkleZiPN/pagina.html}}</ref>

Benedict was portrayed by [[Anthony Hopkins]] in the [[biographical]] film ''[[The Two Popes]]'', which came out in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://catholicherald.co.uk/magazine/you-couldnt-help-but-be-moved-spiritually-anthony-hopkins-and-jonathan-pryce-interviewed/ |title='You couldn't help but be moved spiritually': Anthony Hopkins and Jonathan Pryce interviewed |first=Gabrielle |last=Donnelly |date=19 December 2019 |access-date=9 February 2020 |newspaper=[[Catholic Herald]]}}</ref> In late 2019, Benedict collaborated on a book expressing that the Catholic Church must maintain its discipline of [[Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church|clerical celibacy]], in light of ongoing debate on the issue, though later requested his name to be removed from the book as co-author.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Neuman |first1=Scott |title=In New Book, Retired Pope Benedict Breaks Silence To Speak Out On Priestly Celibacy |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/01/13/795826955/in-new-book-retired-pope-benedict-breaks-silence-to-speak-out-on-priestly-celiba |website=npr.org |date=13 January 2020 |publisher=National Public Radio (NPR) |access-date=26 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Cindy Wooden|title=Publisher won't remove Benedict XVI as co-author of book on priestly celibacy|url=https://www.catholicregister.org/faith/item/30974-benedict-xvi-cardinal-sarah-write-book-defending-priestly-celibacy|access-date=6 August 2021|website=Catholic Register |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=14 January 2020|title=Request made to remove Benedict's name from controversial book – Gänswein |url=http://www.ansa.it/english/news/2020/01/14/request-made-to-remove-benedicts-name-from-book-gaenswein_4af86c90-f488-414c-aa28-62297f2d9797.html|access-date=6 August 2021|website=ANSA|language=en}}</ref>

In June 2020, Benedict visited his dying brother Georg in Germany for the last time.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ex-pope Benedict XVI goes home to Bavaria to visit ailing brother |url=https://www.dw.com/en/ex-pope-benedict-xvi-goes-home-to-bavaria-to-visit-ailing-brother/a-53864052 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |date=18 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=AP |title=Former pope Benedict in Germany to visit ailing brother |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200618-former-pope-benedict-in-germany-to-visit-ailing-brother |work=France24 |date=18 June 2020}}</ref> Georg died on 1 July, aged 96.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Georg Ratzinger ist gestorben|url=https://www.katholisch.de/artikel/26029-georg-ratzinger-ist-gestorben|access-date=1 July 2020|website=katholisch.de|language=de}}</ref>

On 3 August 2020, Benedict's aides disclosed that he had an [[inflammation of the trigeminal nerve]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Elise Ann Allen |url=https://thetablet.org/vatican-confirms-pope-benedict-is-ill-but-says-condition-not-serious/ |title=Vatican Confirms Pope Benedict Is Ill, But Says Condition 'Not Serious' |newspaper=The Tablet |date=4 August 2020 |access-date=25 December 2020}}</ref> On 2 December of the same year, Maltese cardinal [[Mario Grech]] announced to ''[[Vatican News]]'' that Benedict had difficulty speaking and that he had told the new cardinals after the consistory that "the Lord has taken away my speech in order to let me appreciate silence".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ansa.it/english/news/2020/12/02/benedict-xvi-having-trouble-speaking-new-cardinal_c0076aaf-ef39-4b07-b0ab-75dc954d9dc1.html |title=Benedict XVI 'having trouble speaking' – new cardinal |publisher=ANSA |date=2 December 2020 |access-date=25 December 2020}}</ref>

Benedict became the longest-lived pope whose age can be verified on 4 September 2020, at 93 years, 141 days, surpassing the age of [[Pope Leo&nbsp;XIII]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hattrup |first1=Kathleen N. |title=Benedict XVI passes Leo XIII in age|url=https://aleteia.org/2020/09/04/benedict-xvi-now-the-oldest-pope-in-history/|website=aleteia.org |date=4 September 2020 |publisher=Aleteia|access-date=4 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Benedict XVI becomes oldest pope in history |date=4 September 2020 |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200904-benedict-xvi-becomes-oldest-pope-in-history |publisher=France 24 |access-date=14 January 2021}}</ref> There are two popes who are claimed to have lived longer than Benedict: [[Pope Agatho|Pope St Agatho]] (574–681), who died aged 107;<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2021 |title=A look at the oldest popes of history, including Francis |url=https://aleteia.org/2021/12/16/a-look-at-the-oldest-popes-of-history-including-francis/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |website=Aleteia — Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture |language=en}}</ref> and [[Pope Gregory IX]] (1145–1241), who died aged 96.<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle= Pope Gregory IX |volume= 6 |last= Ott |first= Michael |author-link= |short= 1}}</ref> However, although there is some contemporary documentation attesting to their ages, there is not sufficient evidence for them to be verified with complete certainty.

In January 2021, Benedict and Francis each received doses of a [[COVID-19 vaccine]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 January 2021|title=Pope Francis and the Pope emeritus receive Covid-19 vaccine – Vatican News|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2021-01/pope-francis-benedict-xvi-covid-19-vaccine.html|access-date=5 February 2021|website=vaticannews.va|language=en}}</ref> On 29 June 2021, the pope emeritus celebrated his [[platinum jubilee]] (70th anniversary) as a priest.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Elise Ann |title=Benedict XVI to mark 70 years as priest with brother's choir |url=https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2021/06/benedict-xvi-to-mark-70-years-as-priest-with-brothers-choir/ |website=cruxnow.com |date=28 June 2021 |publisher=Crux Catholic Media Inc. |access-date=25 July 2021}}</ref>

Following the [[Cardinals created by Francis#27 August 2022|consistory of 27 August 2022]], Francis and the newly created cardinals paid a brief visit to Benedict at Mater Ecclesiae Monastery.<ref>{{cite news |date= 27 August 2022 |title= Pope Francis and new cardinals visit Benedict XVI |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2022-08/pope-francis-and-new-cardinals-visit-benedict-xvi.html |work=Vatican News}}</ref>