Editing Pakistan (section)

=== Architecture ===
{{Main|Pakistani architecture|Hindu, Jain and Buddhist architectural heritage of Pakistan}}
[[File: Lahore Fort.jpg|thumb|The [[Lahore Fort]], a landmark built during the Mughal era, is a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]]|left]]

Four periods define Pakistani architecture: [[History of Pakistan#Early history|pre-Islamic]], [[History of Pakistan#Muslim period|Islamic]], [[History of Pakistan#Colonial era|colonial]], and [[History of Pakistan#Independence|post-colonial]]. The onset of the [[Indus civilization]] around the mid-3rd millennium BCE heralded an urban culture, evidenced by surviving large structures.<ref>{{cite web |author=Vidja Dehejia |title=South Asian Art and Culture |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/sasa/hd_sasa.htm |website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art|date=February 2007 |access-date=10 February 2008}}</ref> Notable pre-Islamic settlements include [[Mohenjo-daro]], [[Harappa]], and [[Kot Diji]].<ref name="mountains">{{cite web |url=http://www.tourism.gov.pk/mountain.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110014044/http://www.tourism.gov.pk/mountain.html |archive-date=10 November 2006 |title=PTDC page on mountaineering |publisher=Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation|access-date=10 November 2006}}</ref> The fusion of Buddhism and [[Indian campaign of Alexander the Great|Greek]] influences birthed a distinctive [[Greco-Buddhism|Greco-Buddhist]] style from the 1st century CE, exemplified by the renowned [[Gandara art|Gandhara style]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Maity|first=Sachindra Kumar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x8Iz5C5auqEC&pg=PA46|title=Cultural Heritage of Ancient India|date=1983|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-0-391-02809-8}}</ref> Notable [[Buddhist architecture|Buddhist architectural]] remnants include the [[Takht-i-Bahi]] monastery in [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]].<ref>{{cite web |title=UNESCO Advisory Body Evaluation of Takht Bhai |publisher=International Council on Monuments and Sites |pages=1–2 |url=https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/140.pdf |date=29 December 1979|access-date=25 July 2010}}</ref>

The advent of Islam in present-day Pakistan marked the cessation of Buddhist architecture, ushering in [[Islamic architecture]]. The notable [[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic]] structure, the [[Rukn-e-Alam|tomb of Shah Rukn-i-Alam]] in Multan, remains significant. During the Mughal era, Persian-Islamic design merged with Hindustani art, seen in Lahore's architectural gems like the [[Badshahi Mosque]] and the [[Lahore Fort]] with the iconic [[Alamgiri Gate]]. Lahore also boasts the vibrant [[Wazir Khan Mosque]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Valentine|first=Simon Ross|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MdRth02Q6nAC&pg=PA63|title=Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jama'at: History, Belief, Practice|date=2008|publisher=Hurst & Company|isbn=978-1-85065-916-7}}</ref> and the lush [[Shalimar Gardens (Lahore)|Shalimar Gardens]]. In the British colonial period, Indo-European buildings emerged, blending European and Indian-Islamic styles. Post-colonial identity shines through modern landmarks like the [[Faisal Mosque]], [[Minar-e-Pakistan]], and [[Mazar-e-Quaid]]. [[Architecture of the United Kingdom|British architectural]] influence persists in structures across Lahore, Peshawar, and Karachi.<ref>{{cite book |author=Kamil Khan Mumtaz |title=Architecture in Pakistan |year=1985 |publisher=Concept Media Pte Ltd |isbn=978-9971-84-141-6 |pages=32, 51, 160}}</ref>