Editing Neo-Nazism (section)

=== Asia ===
==== Iran ====
{{See also|SUMKA|Aria Party|Azure Party}}
[[File:Flag of SUMKA.svg|right|thumb|Flag of the [[SUMKA]]]]
Several neo-Nazi groups were active in Iran, although they are now defunct. Advocates of Nazism continue to exist in Iran and are mainly based on the Internet.<ref>{{citation|author=Maryam Sinaiee|title=Iranian ministry denies authorising neo-Nazi website|date=24 November 2010|url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/iranian-ministry-denies-authorising-neo-nazi-website-1.512238|work=The National|access-date=5 October 2017|archive-date=9 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009092333/https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/iranian-ministry-denies-authorising-neo-nazi-website-1.512238|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation|author=Lorena Galliot|title=Who's behind the 'Association of Iranian Nazis'|date=18 November 2010|url=https://observers.france24.com/en/20101118-association-iranian-nazis-aryan-race-persian-nationalism|work=France 24|access-date=5 October 2017|archive-date=3 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003124522/https://observers.france24.com/en/20101118-association-iranian-nazis-aryan-race-persian-nationalism|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Iraq ====
[[File:Hawpa Kurdistan.jpg|thumb|Flag of Hawpa]]
Hawpa, also known as the Kurdish National Socialist Organization (PSNK), is a Kurdish neo-Nazi organization based in [[Iraqi Kurdistan]] that opposes ethnic and sexual minority rights and Arabization and strives for an ethnically pure, united Kurdistan. Hawpa is based on the ideas of [[Ramzi Nafi]], a Kurdish nationalist and a Nazi collaborator.<ref>{{cite web|work=Demokrat Haber|url=https://www.demokrathaber.org/karanlik-bir-fikrin-temelleri-aciga-cikti-kurden-nasyonalistin-kokeni-kime-dayaniyor|title=Karanlık bir fikrin temelleri açığa çıktı: 'Kurden Nasyonalist’in kökeni kime dayanıyor?|date=13 May 2025|author=Kemal Ural}}</ref>

==== Israel ====
{{see also|Jewish fascism|l1=Fascism in Israel}}
Neo-Nazi activity is not common or widespread in Israel, and the few reported activities have all been the work of extremists, who were punished severely. One notable case is that of [[Patrol 36]], a cell in [[Petah Tikva]] made up of eight teenage immigrants from the former Soviet Union who had been attacking foreign workers and gay people, and vandalizing synagogues with Nazi images.<ref name="BBC Israeli">{{cite news|title=Israeli 'neo-Nazi gang' arrested|date=9 September 2007|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6985808.stm|publisher=BBC News|access-date=11 September 2007|archive-date=8 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108061244/https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6985808.stm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Asser">{{cite news|title=Israeli anger over 'Nazi' group|author=Martin Asser|publisher=BBC News|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6987848.stm|date=10 September 2007|access-date=11 September 2007|archive-date=4 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204162956/https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6987848.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> These neo-Nazis were reported to have operated in cities across Israel, and have been described as being influenced by the rise of neo-Nazism in Europe;<ref name="BBC Israeli" /><ref name="Asser" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6989776.stm |title=Middle East &#124; Israeli neo-Nazi suspects charged |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-09-11 |access-date=2009-11-03 |archive-date=7 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107075148/https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6989776.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> mostly influenced by similar movements in Russia and Ukraine, as the rise of the phenomenon is widely credited to immigrants from those two states, the largest sources of emigration to Israel.<ref>{{cite news|title=Israel's Unbelievable Neo-Nazis|date=8 December 2008|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ezXm9jkukBo|publisher=Journeyman Pictures|access-date=26 March 2015|archive-date=11 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111135339/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ezXm9jkukBo|url-status=live}}</ref> Widely publicized arrests have led to a call to reform the [[Law of Return]] to permit the revocation of Israeli citizenship for—and the subsequent deportation of—neo-Nazis.<ref name="Asser" />

==== Japan ====
Since 1982, the neo-Nazi [[National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party]] has operated in Japan, currently under the leadership of Kazunari Yamada, who has praised Hitler and denied the Holocaust.<ref>{{Cite news|last=McCurry|first=Justin|date=9 September 2014|title=Neo-Nazi photos pose headache for Shinzo Abe|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/neo-nazi-photos-pose-headache-for-shinzo-abe|access-date=18 June 2021}}</ref>

==== Mongolia ====
[[File:Tsagaan Khas flag.svg|thumb|Flag of the Tsagaan Khas, a neo-Nazi party in Mongolia]]
From 2008, Mongolian neo-Nazi groups have defaced buildings in [[Ulaanbaatar]], smashed Chinese shopkeepers' windows, and killed Chinese immigrants. The neo-Nazi Mongols' targets for violence are Chinese, [[Koreans]],<ref name="naive">{{Cite news|url=https://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2446&Itemid=42|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512064316/https://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2446&Itemid=42|archive-date=2011-05-12|title=The Naivety of Mongolia's Nazis|first=Kirril|last=Sheilds|date=2008-10-04|access-date=2010-08-08|work=[[UB Post]]}}</ref> Mongol women who have sex with Chinese men, and [[LGBT]] people.<ref name="mnn">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/02/mongolia-far-right|title=Mongolian neo-Nazis: Anti-Chinese sentiment fuels rise of ultra-nationalism|first=Tania|last=Branigan|location=Ulan Bator|date=2010-08-02|access-date=2010-08-08|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-date=15 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915190700/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/02/mongolia-far-right|url-status=live}}</ref> They wear Nazi uniforms and revere the [[Mongol Empire]] and [[Genghis Khan]]. Though [[Tsagaan Khas]] leaders say they do not support violence, they are self-proclaimed Nazis. "Adolf Hitler was someone we respect. He taught us how to preserve national identity," said the 41-year-old co-founder, who calls himself Big Brother. "We don't agree with his extremism and starting the Second World War. We are against all those killings, but we support his ideology. We support nationalism rather than fascism." Some have ascribed it to poor [[Education in Mongolia|historical education]].<ref name="naive" />

==== Taiwan ====
{{Main|Nazi symbolism in Taiwan|National Socialism Association}}
The [[National Socialism Association]] (NSA) is a neo-Nazi political organisation founded in [[Taiwan]] in September 2006 by Hsu Na-chi ({{zh|t=許娜琦|link=no}}), at that time a 22-year-old female [[political science]] graduate of [[Soochow University (Taiwan)|Soochow University]]. The NSA has an explicit stated goal of obtaining the power to govern the state. The [[Simon Wiesenthal Centre]] condemned the National Socialism Association on 13 March 2007 for championing the former [[Nazi]] dictator and blaming democracy for [[social unrest]] in Taiwan.<ref name=Haaretz837967>[https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/837697.html "Taiwan political activists admiring Hitler draw Jewish protests"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304123401/https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/837697.html |date=4 March 2010 }} ''[[Haaretz]]'' ([[Reuters]], the [[Associated Press]]). 14 March 2007. Accessed 23 October 2015.</ref>

Even though there is no other significant movement than the officially founded NSA in 2005, the organized neo-Nazi activities have been continuing for years, often causing controversy to the public.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taiwan's Nazi Movement: Far-Right Group Blasted by Jewish Organizations |url=https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/taiwan-s-nazi-movement-far-right-group-blasted-by-jewish-organizations-a-471686.html |publisher=[[Der Spiegel]] |date=14 March 2007 |access-date=2 January 2024 |language=en |location=[[Hamburg]], Germany}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=台灣的新納粹組織是怎麼回事？ |trans-title=What is behind Neo-Nazi organizations in Taiwan? |url=https://www.dw.com/zh-hant/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E6%98%AF%E6%80%8E%E9%BA%BC%E5%9B%9E%E4%BA%8B/a-2387314 |author=Ping Hsin |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=16 March 2007 |language=Traditional Chinese |location=Taipei, Taiwan |access-date=15 December 2023}}</ref> These occasions include a Nazi parades on city streets, in or around the schools,<ref>{{Cite news |title=School Parade in Taiwan Featuring Swastikas and Nazis Unleashed Uproar |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/27/world/asia/taiwan-nazi-hitler-parade.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |first=Chris |last=Horton |date=27 December 2016 |language=en |access-date=15 December 2023 |location=New York City, United States}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=臺北歐洲學校前出現納粹旗 以色列.歐盟關切 |trans-title=Nazi flag appearing in front of [[Taipei European School]], Israel and [[European Union]] are concerned |url=https://news.pts.org.tw/article/636031 |last1=Ou |first1=Yun-rong |last2=Peng |first2=Yaozu |agency=[[Public Television Service]] |date=9 May 2023 |language=zh-TW |access-date=15 December 2023 |location=Taipei, Taiwan}}</ref> restaurants serving dishes honoring Nazis,<ref name="BBC">{{Cite news |title=Taiwanese dine in 'death camp' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/610485.stm |agency=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=21 January 2000 |language=en |access-date=15 December 2023 |location=London, United Kingdom}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Taiwan Restaurant Apologizes for Pasta Dish Called 'Long Live the Nazis' |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-CJB-23683 |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=2014-08-19 |language=en |access-date=15 December 2023 |location=New York City, United States}}</ref> or displaying ''[[Mein Kampf]]'' with Nazi dresses while shouting "[[Nazi salute#Nazi chants|Sieg Heil]]!" with Nazi salutes.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Wen-hsin |last=Chiu |title=發燒新聞／宋建樑應訊戴納粹臂章　網怒：國民黨丟光台灣的臉 |trans-title=Top News/Song Jianliang wore the Nazi armband to answer questions. Netizens were angered: Taiwan is ashamed by Kuomintang |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cgPu2qIymcU |agency=[[FTV News]] |via=Youtube |location=[[New Taipei City]], Taiwan |date=15 April 2025 |access-date=16 April 2025 |language=zh-tw}}</ref> The organized activities were usually condemned by [[German Institute Taipei]],<ref>{{Cite news |first=Shi-yi |last=Yang |title=快訊／宋建樑行納粹禮挨轟！德國在台協會最強烈譴責：無恥的行為 |trans-title=Breaking news/Song Jianliang was criticized for performing the Nazi salutes! German Institute Taipei strongly condemns it as a shameless conduct |url=https://www.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=1641085 |newspaper=[[SET News]] |via=Youtube |location=Taipei, Taiwan |date=15 April 2025 |access-date=16 April 2025 |language=zh-tw}}</ref> {{ill|Israel Economic and Cultural Office|zh|游瑪雅}},<ref>{{Cite news |first=Yaoru |last=Yang |title=罷綠委領銜人戴納粹臂章 以色列代表斥：背離台灣價值[影] |trans-title=Leader of electral recall campaigns against Green legislators wore the Nazi armband; Israeli representative condemned it as deviating from Taiwan's values |url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aipl/202504160133.aspx |agency=[[Central News Agency (Taiwan)]] |location=Taipei, Taiwan |date=16 April 2025 |access-date=16 April 2025 |language=zh-tw}}</ref> and local Jewish communities,<ref>{{Cite news |first=Shi-jie |last=Ding |title=台北街頭出現納粹旗幟 方恩格：民進黨政府不該視而不見 |trans-title=Nazi flags appear on the streets of Taipei. Ross Feingold: "The DPP government should not turn a blind eye" |url=https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20240624004379-260407?chdtv |newspaper=[[China Times]] |date=24 June 2024 |access-date=19 October 2024 |language=zh-tw |location=Taipei, Taiwan}}</ref> and further led to public outcries.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Rong-hsiang |last=Wang |title=藍營青年軍行納粹禮？黃捷雙語發圖文：防國民黨影響台灣形象 |trans-title=Blue camp youth corps performed Nazi salutes? [[Huang Jie (politician)|Huang Jie]] publishes bilingual text and picture to prevent Kuomintang affecting Taiwan's image |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/5013533 |newspaper=Liberty Times |location=[[Kaohsiung]], Taiwan |date=16 April 2025 |access-date=16 April 2025 |language=zh-tw}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first=Hong-dian |last=Li |title=宋建樑扮納粹 時代力量中英文聲明轟國民黨、訴諸國際 |trans-title=Sung Chien-liang plays a Nazi; New Power Party issues statement in Chinese and English to denounce KMT and appeals to the international community |url=https://www.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=1641035 |agency=[[SET News]] |location=Taipei, Taiwan |date=16 April 2025 |access-date=20 April 2025 |language=zh-tw}}</ref>

==== Turkey ====
{{See also|Turkish nationalism}}
A neo-Nazi group existed in 1969 in [[İzmir]], when a group of former [[Republican Villagers Nation Party]] members (precursor party of the [[Nationalist Movement Party]]) founded the association "[[Nasyonal Aktivite ve Zinde İnkişaf]]" (''National Activity and Vigorous Development''). The club maintained two combat units. The members wore [[Sturmabteilung|SA]] uniforms and used the [[Nazi salute|Hitler salute]]. One of the leaders (Gündüz Kapancıoğlu) was re-admitted to the Nationalist Movement Party in 1975.<ref>Jürgen Roth and Kamil Taylan: ''Die Türkei – Republik unter Wölfen''. Bornheim-Merten, p. 119.</ref>

Apart from [[neo-fascist]]<ref name="Political Terrorism p. 674">Political Terrorism, by Alex Peter Schmid, A. J. Jongman, Michael Stohl, Transaction Publishers, 2005, p. 674</ref><ref>''Annual of Power and Conflict'', by Institute for the Study of Conflict, National Strategy Information Center, 1982, p. 148</ref><ref name="Fascism 1993, p. 171">''The Nature of Fascism'', by Roger Griffin, Routledge, 1993, p. 171</ref><ref name="Terrorist Groups 2003, p. 45">''Political Parties and Terrorist Groups'', by Leonard Weinberg, Ami Pedahzur, Arie Perliger, Routledge, 2003, p. 45</ref><ref>''The Inner Sea: The Mediterranean and Its People'', by Robert Fox, 1991, p. 260</ref> [[Grey Wolves (organization)|Grey Wolves]] and the Turkish [[ultranationalist]]<ref>{{cite journal | last = Avcı | first = Gamze | title = The Nationalist Movement Party's euroscepticism: party ideology meets strategy | journal = South European Society and Politics | volume = 16 | issue = 3, pt II | pages = 435–47 | doi = 10.1080/13608746.2011.598359 | date = September 2011 | s2cid = 154513216 }} [https://wiki.zirve.edu.tr/sandbox/groups/economicsandadministrativesciences/wiki/ff77d/attachments/f46f9/W7-Avci%202.PDF Pdf.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521115140/https://wiki.zirve.edu.tr/sandbox/groups/economicsandadministrativesciences/wiki/ff77d/attachments/f46f9/W7-Avci%202.PDF |date=21 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/turkish-far-right-on-the-rise-1088461.html|title=Turkish far right on the rise|last=Huggler|first=Justin|date=20 April 1999|newspaper=The Independent|access-date=21 May 2014|archive-date=20 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220012836/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/turkish-far-right-on-the-rise-1088461.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Arıkan|first=E. Burak|date=July 2002|title=Turkish ultra-nationalists under review: a study of the Nationalist Action Party|journal=Nations and Nationalism|volume=8|issue=3|pages=357–75|doi=10.1111/1469-8219.00055}}</ref> [[Nationalist Movement Party]], there are some neo-Nazi organizations in Turkey such as the Turkish Nazi Party<ref name=turknazipartisi>{{cite web|title=Turkish Nazi Party|url=https://ww2.turknazipartisi.com/|website=turknazipartisi.com|access-date=7 July 2014|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218113142/https://ww2.turknazipartisi.com/|archive-date=18 February 2014}}</ref> or the National Socialist Party of Turkey, some of which are mainly based on the Internet.<ref name=sabah>{{cite web|title=Nazi Party Established in Turkey|url=https://www.sabah.com.tr/Gunaydin/Yazarlar/sb-mevlut_tezel/2009/12/22/turkiyede_nazi_partisi_kuruldu|website=sabah.com.tr|access-date=7 July 2014|archive-date=14 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714222708/https://www.sabah.com.tr/Gunaydin/Yazarlar/sb-mevlut_tezel/2009/12/22/turkiyede_nazi_partisi_kuruldu|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=hurriyet>{{cite news|title=They Might Be Joking But They Grow in Numbers.|url=https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/planet/24908479.asp|website=hurriyet.com.tr|access-date=7 July 2014|archive-date=17 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131117190803/https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/planet/24908479.asp|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=caucasusforum.org>{{cite web|title=Neo-Nazi Circassians on Turkey|url=https://www.caucasusforum.org/tr/neo-nazi-cerkesler-2-/|website=caucasusforum.org|access-date=7 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714132003/https://www.caucasusforum.org/tr/neo-nazi-cerkesler-2-/|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

National Front Party (Ulusal Cephe Partisi) adheres to neo-Nazism, spreads Nazi material translated into Turkish and targets Jews, Arabs and Africans. National Front Party has about 1000 members and is affiliated with the racist [[Victory Party (Turkey)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nordicmonitor.com/2024/10/unmasking-the-intelligence-linked-neo-nazi-group-national-front-in-turkey/|title=Unmasking the intelligence-linked neo-Nazi group National Front in Turkey|work=[[Nordic Monitor]]|date=3 October 2024}}</ref>

The neo-Nazi Ataman Brotherhood (Ataman Kardeşliği) patrols streets in Turkey and attacks Syrian and Afghan refugees.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://turkishminute.com/2021/12/30/rkish-far-right-group-beat-afghan-man-and-shared-video-on-social-media/|title=Turkish far-right group beat Afghan man and shared video on social media|work=[[Turkish Minute]]|date=3 October 2024}}</ref>

The [[Newroz clashes]] were initiated by a Kurdish Neo-Nazi group known as "Kurdên Nasyonalist", who published a statement before Newroz calling for all Kurdish nationalists to attack Kurdish leftists and the LGBT community and its supporters, who are known to rally at Newroz celebrations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-22 |title=Diyarbakır Newrozu'nda homofobik saldırı: LGBTİ+'lar Newroz tertip komitesini göreve çağırıyor |url=https://yesilgazete.org/diyarbakir-newrozunda-homofobik-saldiri-lgbtilar-newroz-tertip-komitesini-goreve-cagiriyor/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Önal |first=Barış |date=2023-03-23 |title=Diyarbakır Nevruz'unda Kürt Nazi saldırısı |url=https://tele1.com.tr/diyarbakir-nevruzunda-kurt-nazi-saldirisi-811026/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Tele1 |language=tr}}</ref> Many of the leftists and LGBT supporters were brutally beaten.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mob attack on LGBTI+s during Diyarbakır Newroz celebrations |url=https://bianet.org/haber/mob-attack-on-lgbti-s-during-diyarbakir-newroz-celebrations-276158 |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=bianet.org |language=en}}</ref>